Motivational psychological nursing reduces anxiety and depression in patients with rheumatic and immunological diseases combined with nephropathy

doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.108449

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Psychiatry. Dec 19, 2025; 15(12): 108449
Published online Dec 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.108449

Table 1 Comparison of demographic characteristics between the two groups, n (%)

Parameters	Observation group (n = 102)	Control group (n = 104)	t/χ²	P value
Age, year	52.85 ± 9.75	53.54 ± 9.33	0.515	0.607
Disease duration, years	10.89 ± 2.27	11.26 ± 2.12	1.230	0.220
Gender			0.475	0.491
Male	50 (49.02)	46 (44.23)
Female	52 (50.98)	58 (55.77)
Employment			0.009	0.925
Yes	70 (68.63)	72 (69.23)
No	32 (31.37)	32 (30.77)
Live with family			0.001	0.972
Yes	96 (94.12)	98 (94.23)
No	6 (5.88)	6 (5.77)
Education			2.529	0.772
No education	11 (10.78)	7 (6.73)
Primary school	40 (39.22)	39 (37.50)
High school	17 (16.67)	16 (15.38)
Vocational education	19 (18.63)	24 (23.08)
Bachelor	14 (13.73)	15 (14.42)
Master degree	1 (0.98)	3 (2.88)
Marital status			0.834	0.841
Single	2 (1.96)	2 (1.92)
Married	83 (81.37)	88 (84.62)
Divorced/separated	4 (3.92)	2 (1.92)
Widowed	13 (12.75)	12 (11.54)
Hypertension	52 (50.98)	53 (50.96)	0.000	0.998
Diabetes	7 (6.86)	11 (10.58)	0.891	0.345
Systolic BP (mmHg)	126.22 ± 8.31	125.81 ± 7.51	0.377	0.707
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	77.60 ± 7.51	76.61 ± 8.42	0.892	0.374
Estimated GFR, mL/minute/1.73 m²	132.61 ± 44.02	132.71 ± 38.33	0.018	0.986

GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; BP: Blood pressure.

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Table 2 Comparison of disease diagnoses between the two groups, n (%)

Parameters	Observation group (n = 102)	Control group (n = 104)	t/χ²	P value
Type of disease			None	0.995
Rheumatoid arthritis	48 (47.06)	49 (47.12)
Systemic lupus erythematosus	12 (11.76)	11 (10.58)
Systemic sclerosis	10 (9.80)	12 (11.54)
Gout	30 (29.41)	30 (28.85)
Behcet disease	1 (0.98)	1 (0.96)
Psoriatic arthritis	1 (0.98)	1 (0.96)
Kidney biopsy class			2.873	0.238
III or III + V	31 (30.39)	28 (26.92)
IV or IV + V	63 (61.76)	60 (57.69)
Pure V	8 (7.84)	16 (15.38)

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Table 3 Comparison of laboratory renal function tests between the two groups

Parameters	Observation group (n = 102)	Control group (n = 104)	t/χ²	P value
Urinary protein, mg/24 hours	442.98 ± 122.32	451.14 ± 126.12	0.471	0.638
Active urine sediment, n (%)	7 (6.86)	9 (8.65)	0.231	0.631
SCr (μmol/L)	67.21 ± 20.82	66.82 ± 19.98	0.139	0.889
Immunologic factors, mg/dL
Serum C3	868.14 ± 236.12	891.12 ± 203.23	0.749	0.455
Serum C4	180.85 ± 103.01	194.11 ± 70.96	1.074	0.284

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Table 4 Self - belief related evaluation between the two groups

Parameters	Observation group (n = 102)	Control group (n = 104)	t	P value
GSES
Before nursing	22.18 ± 2.52	22.56 ± 2.78	1.022	0.308
After nursing	29.63 ± 2.72	28.87 ± 2.69	2.036	0.043

GSES: General Self Efficacy Scale.

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Table 5 Quality of life assessment between the two groups

Parameters	Observation group (n = 102)	Control group (n = 104)	t	P value
HRQL
Before nursing	75.34 ± 5.93	74.55 ± 6.28	0.920	0.359
After nursing	76.86 ± 6.24	75.06 ± 6.59	2.020	0.045
WHOQOL
Before nursing	49.13 ± 2.70	48.86 ± 2.82	0.717	0.474
After nursing	47.78 ± 3.05	46.91 ± 3.03	2.050	0.042

HRQL: Health-related quality of life; WHOQOL: World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire.

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Table 6 Rheumatism and immunology disease assessment scale between the two groups

Parameters	Observation group (n = 102)	Control group (n = 104)	t	P value
FF
Before nursing	44.08 ± 12.43	44.22 ± 12.3	0.080	0.937
After nursing	27.95 ± 9.67	30.00 ± 10.21	1.480	0.140
HAQ
Before nursing	1.58 ± 0.65	1.67 ± 0.70	0.946	0.345
After nursing	0.94 ± 0.25	1.02 ± 0.30	2.040	0.043

FF: Foot Function Index; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire.

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Table 7 Effect size

Parameters	Cohen_d	Parameters	Cohen_d
Age, year	0.072	PHQ-9-before nursing	0.148
Disease duration, years	0.171	PHQ-9-after nursing	0.087
Systolic BP (mmHg)	0.052	CES-D-before nursing	0.011
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	0.124	CES-D-after nursing	0.239
Estimated GFR, mL/minute/1.73 m²	0.002	HAMD-before nursing	0.191
Urinary protein, mg/24 hours	0.066	HAMD-after nursing	0.109
SCr (μmol/L)	0.019	GSES-before nursing	0.142
Immunologic factors-Serum C3, mg/dL	0.104	GSES-after nursing	0.284
Immunologic factors-Serum C4, mg/dL	0.150	HRQL-before nursing	0.128
SAS-before nursing	0.049	HRQL-after nursing	0.281
SAS-after nursing	0.331	WHOQOL-before nursing	0.100
BAI-before nursing	0.117	WHOQOL-after nursing	0.286
BAI-after nursing	0.194	FF-before nursing	0.011
HAMA-before nursing	0.242	FF-after nursing	0.206
HAMA-after nursing	0.355	HAQ-before nursing	0.132
SDS-before nursing	0.208	HAQ-after nursing	0.284
SDS-after nursing	0.344

SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Scale; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; BP: Blood pressure; FF: Foot Function Scale; GSES: General Self Efficacy Scale; HRQL: Health-related quality of life; WHOQOL: World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire.

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Citation: Li N, Zhao J, Tang YP, Niu YQ. Motivational psychological nursing reduces anxiety and depression in patients with rheumatic and immunological diseases combined with nephropathy. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(12): 108449
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i12/108449.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.108449