Threat-related attentional bias in subjects with different looming cognitive styles: Evidence based on eye-tracking study

Table 1 Descriptive statistics by group, mean ± SD

	High LCS (n = 27)	Low LCS (n = 31)	χ2/t	P value
Age	23.14 ±1.75	22.94 ± 2.14	0.38	0.705
Sex (male/female)	13/14	18/13	0.57	0.453
LMSQ score	47.56 ± 4.64	29.26 ± 4.28	15.61	< 0.001

LMSQ: Looming maladaptive style questionnaire; LCS: Looming cognitive style.

Table 2 Difference test of anxiety among individuals with different looming cognitive styles, mean ± SD

	High LCS (n = 49)	Low LCS (n = 49)	t	P value
DASS-21A	6.98 ± 6.54	2.66 ± 3.43	4.10	< 0.001
STAI-S	40.75 ± 8.47	32.52 ± 6.78	8.14	< 0.001
ASI-3	20.06 ± 12.40	9.48 ± 8.03	7.63	< 0.001
LMSQ	49.26 ± 4.82	30.73 ± 3.64	5.63	< 0.001

LMSQ: Looming maladaptive style questionnaire; STAI-S: State-trait anxiety inventory (Transient state anxiety); ASI-3: The anxiety sensitivity index-3; DASS-21A: Depression anxiety and stress scale (Anxiety).

Table 3 Correlation analysis table of Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire with anxiety scales (n = 196)

	STAI-S	ASI-3	DASS-21A
LMSQ	0.384a	0.387a	6.23a
LMSQ-physical threat	0.299a	0.329a	0.219a
LMSQ-social threat	0.411a	0.386a	0.259a

^aP < 0.01.

LMSQ: Looming maladaptive style questionnaire; STAI-S: State-trait anxiety inventory (Transient state anxiety); ASI-3: The anxiety sensitivity index-3; DASS-21A: Depression anxiety and stress scale (Anxiety).

Table 4 Four eye-tracking metrics among individuals with different looming cognitive styles

Variable		High LCS (n = 27)		Low LCS (n = 31)		F	P value
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD
First fixation latency (ms)	Threat	473.32	83.34	544.85	144.61	5.11	0.028
	Neutral	818.79	156.95	717.44	105.80	8.49	0.005
First fixation duration (ms)	Threat	244.17	57.73	298.45	173.46	2.41	0.126
	Neutral	279.68	86.40	302.93	142.95	0.54	0.465
Fixation duration (ms)	Threat	905.23	247.00	901.63	231.09	2.41	0.955
	Neutral	679.62	174.85	853.20	271.29	0.54	0.006
Fixation count (n)	Threat	292.41	91.00	253.32	101.46	2.36	0.130
	Neutral	195.41	66.65	234.97	79.04	4.18	0.046
First fixation latency bias (ms)	Bias scores	-345.46	142.97	-172.63	168.80	0.01	0.914
First fixation duration bias (ms)	Bias scores	-35.63	44.14	-4.52	43.19	0.22	0.643
Gaze duration bias (%)	Threat	56.71	0.05	51.46	0.07	4.07	0.048
Fixation orientation bias (%)	Threat	60.24	0.05	50.63	0.08	6.11	0.016

LCS: Looming cognitive styles.