Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2025; 15(10): 111039
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.111039
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.111039
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of elderly heart failure patients without preexisting psychological disorders, stratified by psychological disorder status within 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention
Variable | Psychological disorder | No disorder (n = 198) | Statistical method (test statistic) | P value |
Age, years | 74 (69-79) | 72 (68-76) | Mann-Whitney U = 10985.5 | 0.041 |
Male, n (%) | 66 (50.0) | 120 (60.6) | χ2 = 3.22 | 0.072 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.8 (23.1-27.0) | 25.1 (23.4-26.8) | Mann-Whitney U = 12576.0 | 0.488 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 132 (124-145) | 134 (126-144) | Mann-Whitney U = 12791.5 | 0.278 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 78 (70-84) | 80 (72-85) | Mann-Whitney U = 12134.0 | 0.118 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 94 (71.2) | 134 (67.7) | χ2 = 0.42 | 0.514 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 58 (43.9) | 64 (32.3) | χ2 = 4.47 | 0.034 |
LVEF, % | 45 (38-50) | 48 (41-53) | Mann-Whitney U = 10592.0 | 0.021 |
NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 1200 (850-2200) | 980 (620-1880) | Mann-Whitney U = 11840.5 | 0.062 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 68 (52-78) | 72 (60-82) | Mann-Whitney U = 10891.5 | 0.038 |
BUN, mmol/L | 7.5 (5.6-9.3) | 7.2 (5.5-8.8) | Mann-Whitney U = 12440.0 | 0.234 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.6 (2.2-3.2) | 2.5 (2.0-3.0) | Mann-Whitney U = 12641.0 | 0.198 |
HbA1c, % | 6.6 (5.9-7.4) | 6.4 (5.8-7.1) | Mann-Whitney U = 12403.5 | 0.143 |
AST, U/L | 28 (21-36) | 25 (20-34) | Mann-Whitney U = 12777.0 | 0.186 |
ALT, U/L | 29 (22-38) | 27 (20-35) | Mann-Whitney U = 12641.5 | 0.192 |
Multivessel disease, n (%) | 62 (47.0) | 78 (39.4) | χ2 = 1.71 | 0.191 |
Number of stents placed | 2 (1-3) | 2 (1-3) | Mann-Whitney U = 12901.5 | 0.466 |
CK-MB, U/L | 38 (24-56) | 36 (22-54) | Mann-Whitney U = 12376.0 | 0.291 |
NYHA class ≥ III, n (%) | 38 (28.8) | 42 (21.2) | χ2 = 2.67 | 0.103 |
Killip class ≥ II, n (%) | 21 (15.9) | 20 (10.1) | χ2 = 2.47 | 0.116 |
Hospital stay, days | 9 (7-11) | 8 (6-10) | Mann-Whitney U = 10687.0 | 0.047 |
Table 2 Psychological and behavioral characteristics of patients stratified by post- percutaneous coronary intervention psychological disorder status, n (%)
Variable | Psychological disorder group | No psychological disorder group | Statistical test (value) | P value |
PHQ-9 score | 13 (10-16) | 4 (2-7) | Mann-Whitney U = 2810.5 | < 0.001 |
GAD-7 score | 12 (9-15) | 3 (1-5) | Mann-Whitney U = 2952.0 | < 0.001 |
PSQI (sleep quality index) | 9 (6-13) | 6 (4-9) | Mann-Whitney U = 3781.0 | < 0.001 |
Social support score (SSRS) | 18 (12-22) | 16 (11-20) | Mann-Whitney U = 11224.5 | 0.033 |
Cognitive complaints | 47 (35.6) | 18 (9.1) | χ2 = 28.47 | < 0.001 |
Psychiatric consultation | 28 (21.2) | 3 (1.5) | χ2 = 37.53 | < 0.001 |
Antidepressant use | 24 (18.2) | 2 (1.0) | χ2 = 31.16 | < 0.001 |
Anxiolytic use | 31 (23.5) | 7 (3.5) | χ2 = 40.04 | < 0.001 |
Living alone | 40 (30.3) | 32 (16.2) | χ2 = 9.45 | 0.002 |
Recent life stress | 29 (22.0) | 14 (7.1) | χ2 = 15.71 | < 0.001 |
Past depression history | 8 (6.1) | 1 (0.5) | χ2 = 7.04 | 0.008 |
Past anxiety history | 10 (7.6) | 2 (1.0) | χ2 = 5.18 | 0.023 |
Family psychiatric history | 16 (12.1) | 4 (2.0) | χ2 = 8.00 | 0.005 |
Current smoking | 38 (28.8) | 50 (25.3) | χ2 = 0.22 | 0.641 |
Alcohol use | 34 (25.8) | 42 (21.2) | χ2 = 0.74 | 0.389 |
Table 3 Medication adherence (8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) in patients with and without post-percutaneous coronary intervention psychological disorders (n = 330), n (%)
Variable | Psychological disorder group | No psychological disorder group | Statistical test (value) | P value |
MMAS-8 score | 5 (4-6) | 6 (5-7) | Mann-Whitney U = 7386.0 | 0.002 |
High adherence (8) | 25 (18.9) | 73 (36.9) | χ2 = 10.88 | 0.001 |
Medium adherence (6-7) | 39 (29.5) | 65 (32.8) | χ2 = 0.34 | 0.560 |
Low adherence (< 6) | 68 (51.5) | 60 (30.3) | χ2 = 14.21 | < 0.001 |
Table 4 Characteristics of patients with and without major adverse cardiovascular event during 2-year follow-up (n = 145), n (%)
Variable | MACE group (n = 26) | Non-MACE group (n = 119) | Statistical test (value) | P value |
Age ≥ 70 years | 17 (65.4) | 54 (45.4) | χ2 = 3.18 | 0.074 |
Female | 11 (42.3) | 38 (31.9) | χ2 = 1.38 | 0.240 |
Diabetes mellitus | 15 (57.7) | 37 (31.1) | χ2 = 6.62 | 0.010 |
LVEF < 45 | 14 (53.8) | 34 (28.6) | χ2 = 5.75 | 0.017 |
eGFR < 60 | 13 (50.0) | 28 (23.5) | χ2 = 6.77 | 0.009 |
Post-PCI psychological disorder | 17 (65.4) | 39 (32.8) | χ2 = 8.67 | 0.003 |
MMAS-8 < 6 (low adherence) | 18 (69.2) | 43 (36.1) | χ2 = 9.92 | 0.002 |
Table 5 Multivariate logistic regression for predicting 2-year major adverse cardiovascular event after percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 145)
Variable | β (coefficient) | OR (95%CI) | P value |
Psychological disorder (yes vs no) | 0.98 | 2.66 (1.11-6.41) | 0.028 |
MMAS-8 < 6 (low adherence vs high/medium) | 1.02 | 2.77 (1.17-6.56) | 0.021 |
Age ≥ 70 years | 0.56 | 1.75 (0.76-4.02) | 0.184 |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.61 | 1.84 (0.81-4.18) | 0.144 |
LVEF < 45% | 0.74 | 2.10 (0.94-4.70) | 0.073 |
eGFR < 60 | 0.68 | 1.97 (0.85-4.57) | 0.118 |
Female sex | 0.29 | 1.34 (0.58-3.13) | 0.497 |
- Citation: Du CS, Hao BC, Mao S, Yin Z, Chen SS, Zhao B, Xia HH. Post-percutaneous coronary intervention psychological disorders predict poor adherence and cardiovascular events in elderly heart failure patients. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(10): 111039
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i10/111039.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.111039