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Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2025; 15(10): 111039
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.111039
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of elderly heart failure patients without preexisting psychological disorders, stratified by psychological disorder status within 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention
Variable
Psychological disorder (n = 132)
No disorder (n = 198)
Statistical method (test statistic)
P value
Age, years74 (69-79)72 (68-76)Mann-Whitney U = 10985.50.041
Male, n (%)66 (50.0)120 (60.6)χ2 = 3.220.072
BMI, kg/m224.8 (23.1-27.0)25.1 (23.4-26.8)Mann-Whitney U = 12576.00.488
Systolic BP, mmHg132 (124-145)134 (126-144)Mann-Whitney U = 12791.50.278
Diastolic BP, mmHg78 (70-84)80 (72-85)Mann-Whitney U = 12134.00.118
Hypertension, n (%)94 (71.2)134 (67.7)χ2 = 0.420.514
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)58 (43.9)64 (32.3)χ2 = 4.470.034
LVEF, %45 (38-50)48 (41-53)Mann-Whitney U = 10592.00.021
NT-proBNP, pg/mL1200 (850-2200)980 (620-1880)Mann-Whitney U = 11840.50.062
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m268 (52-78)72 (60-82)Mann-Whitney U = 10891.50.038
BUN, mmol/L7.5 (5.6-9.3)7.2 (5.5-8.8)Mann-Whitney U = 12440.00.234
LDL-C, mmol/L2.6 (2.2-3.2)2.5 (2.0-3.0)Mann-Whitney U = 12641.00.198
HbA1c, %6.6 (5.9-7.4)6.4 (5.8-7.1)Mann-Whitney U = 12403.50.143
AST, U/L28 (21-36)25 (20-34)Mann-Whitney U = 12777.00.186
ALT, U/L29 (22-38)27 (20-35)Mann-Whitney U = 12641.50.192
Multivessel disease, n (%)62 (47.0)78 (39.4)χ2 = 1.710.191
Number of stents placed2 (1-3)2 (1-3)Mann-Whitney U = 12901.50.466
CK-MB, U/L38 (24-56)36 (22-54)Mann-Whitney U = 12376.00.291
NYHA class ≥ III, n (%)38 (28.8)42 (21.2)χ2 = 2.670.103
Killip class ≥ II, n (%)21 (15.9)20 (10.1)χ2 = 2.470.116
Hospital stay, days9 (7-11)8 (6-10)Mann-Whitney U = 10687.00.047
Table 2 Psychological and behavioral characteristics of patients stratified by post- percutaneous coronary intervention psychological disorder status, n (%)
Variable
Psychological disorder group (n = 132)
No psychological disorder group (n = 198)
Statistical test (value)
P value
PHQ-9 score13 (10-16)4 (2-7)Mann-Whitney U = 2810.5< 0.001
GAD-7 score12 (9-15)3 (1-5)Mann-Whitney U = 2952.0< 0.001
PSQI (sleep quality index)9 (6-13)6 (4-9)Mann-Whitney U = 3781.0< 0.001
Social support score (SSRS)18 (12-22)16 (11-20)Mann-Whitney U = 11224.50.033
Cognitive complaints47 (35.6)18 (9.1)χ2 = 28.47< 0.001
Psychiatric consultation28 (21.2)3 (1.5)χ2 = 37.53< 0.001
Antidepressant use24 (18.2)2 (1.0)χ2 = 31.16< 0.001
Anxiolytic use31 (23.5)7 (3.5)χ2 = 40.04< 0.001
Living alone40 (30.3)32 (16.2)χ2 = 9.450.002
Recent life stress29 (22.0)14 (7.1)χ2 = 15.71< 0.001
Past depression history8 (6.1)1 (0.5)χ2 = 7.040.008
Past anxiety history10 (7.6)2 (1.0)χ2 = 5.180.023
Family psychiatric history16 (12.1)4 (2.0)χ2 = 8.000.005
Current smoking38 (28.8)50 (25.3)χ2 = 0.220.641
Alcohol use34 (25.8)42 (21.2)χ2 = 0.740.389
Table 3 Medication adherence (8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) in patients with and without post-percutaneous coronary intervention psychological disorders (n = 330), n (%)
Variable
Psychological disorder group (n = 132)
No psychological disorder group (n = 198)
Statistical test (value)
P value
MMAS-8 score5 (4-6)6 (5-7)Mann-Whitney U = 7386.00.002
High adherence (8)25 (18.9)73 (36.9)χ2 = 10.880.001
Medium adherence (6-7)39 (29.5)65 (32.8)χ2 = 0.340.560
Low adherence (< 6)68 (51.5)60 (30.3)χ2 = 14.21< 0.001
Table 4 Characteristics of patients with and without major adverse cardiovascular event during 2-year follow-up (n = 145), n (%)
Variable
MACE group (n = 26)
Non-MACE group (n = 119)
Statistical test (value)
P value
Age ≥ 70 years17 (65.4)54 (45.4)χ2 = 3.180.074
Female11 (42.3)38 (31.9)χ2 = 1.380.240
Diabetes mellitus15 (57.7)37 (31.1)χ2 = 6.620.010
LVEF < 4514 (53.8)34 (28.6)χ2 = 5.750.017
eGFR < 6013 (50.0)28 (23.5)χ2 = 6.770.009
Post-PCI psychological disorder17 (65.4)39 (32.8)χ2 = 8.670.003
MMAS-8 < 6 (low adherence)18 (69.2)43 (36.1)χ2 = 9.920.002
Table 5 Multivariate logistic regression for predicting 2-year major adverse cardiovascular event after percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 145)
Variable
β (coefficient)
OR (95%CI)
P value
Psychological disorder (yes vs no)0.982.66 (1.11-6.41)0.028
MMAS-8 < 6 (low adherence vs high/medium)1.022.77 (1.17-6.56)0.021
Age ≥ 70 years0.561.75 (0.76-4.02)0.184
Diabetes mellitus0.611.84 (0.81-4.18)0.144
LVEF < 45%0.742.10 (0.94-4.70)0.073
eGFR < 600.681.97 (0.85-4.57)0.118
Female sex0.291.34 (0.58-3.13)0.497