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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2025; 15(10): 109439
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.109439
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.109439
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 1268 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, n (%)
| Characteristics | Short term (n = 562) | Long term (n = 706) | Total (n = 1268) | P value |
| Female | 317 (56.4) | 418 (59.2) | 735 (58.0) | 0.32 |
| Age | 55.1 (10.7) | 54.6 (10.7) | 54.8 (10.7) | 0.37 |
| Age > 60 | 201 (35.8) | 254 (36) | 455 (35.9) | 0.94 |
| Smoking | 142 (25.3) | 212 (30) | 354 (27.9) | 0.06 |
| Alcohol abuse | 114 (20.3) | 175 (24.8) | 289 (22.8) | 0.06 |
| Hypertension | 295 (52.5) | 389 (55.1) | 684 (53.9) | 0.35 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 37 (6.6) | 54 (7.6) | 91 (7.2) | 0.47 |
| Diabetes | 55 (9.8) | 52 (7.4) | 107 (8.4) | 0.12 |
| Multiple aneurysms | 48 (8.5) | 67 (9.5) | 115 (9.1) | 0.56 |
| Family history of cerebral bleeding | 15 (2.7) | 26 (3.7) | 41 (3.2) | 0.31 |
| HH grade | 41 (7.3) | 47 (6.7) | 88 (6.9) | 0.66 |
| WFNS grade | 86 (15.3) | 90 (12.7) | 176 (13.9) | 0.19 |
| mFS grade | 331 (58.9) | 442 (62.6) | 773 (61.0) | 0.17 |
| Anterior circulation aneurysms | 513 (91.3) | 637 (90.2) | 1150 (90.7) | 0.09 |
| Surgical clipping | 258 (45.9) | 347 (49.2) | 605 (47.7) | 0.03 |
Table 2 Treatment details and clinical outcomes, n (%)
| Characteristics | Short term (n = 562) | Long term (n = 706) | Total (n = 1268) | P value |
| Follow-up duration, mean ± SD | 33.9 ± 14.56, 23.8 ± 7.3 | 42.0 ± 15.14, 58.5 ± 13.6 | 40.5 ± 15.06 | < 0.001 |
| Follow-up duration > 36 months | 0 (0.00) | 706 (55.70) | 706 (55.7) | < 0.001 |
| Treatment methods | 0.03 | |||
| Coiling | 324 (48.9) | 339 (51.1) | 663 (52.3) | |
| Clipping | 258 (45.9) | 347 (49.2) | 605 (47.7) | |
| MRS score at discharge: MRS score < 3 | 436 (77.6) | 546 (77.3) | 982 (77.4) | 0.29 |
| Functional improvement at the final follow-up1 | 248 (44.1) | 313 (44.3) | 561 (44.2) | 0.38 |
| MRS score at the final follow-up < 3 | 528 (94.0) | 667(94.5) | 1195 (94.2) | 0.42 |
Table 3 Complications during hospitalization, n (%)
| Complications during hospitalization | Short term (n = 562) | Long term (n = 706) | Total (n = 1268) | P value |
| Seizures | 19 (3.4) | 24 (3.4) | 43 (3.4) | 1.000 |
| Intracranial infection | 67 (11.9) | 75 (10.6) | 142 (11.2) | 0.462 |
| Pneumonia | 113 (20.1) | 152 (21.5) | 265 (20.9) | 0.515 |
| Stress ulcer bleeding | 51 (9.1) | 60 (8.5) | 111 (8.8) | 0.688 |
| Hypoproteinemia | 151 (26.9) | 190 (26.9) | 341 (26. 9) | 1.000 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 32 (5.7) | 33 (4.7) | 65 (5.1) | 0.611 |
| Rebleeding | 12 (2.1) | 12 (1.7) | 24 (1.9) | 0.762 |
| Delayed cerebral ischemia | 95 (16.9) | 99 (14.0) | 194 (15.3) | 0.295 |
Table 4 Statistical results of patients’ anxiety status, n (%)
| Indicator | Short term (n = 562) | Long term (n = 706) | Total (n = 1268) | P value |
| Anxiety score, mean ± SD | 6.8 ± 2.6 | 8.0 ± 3.1 | 7.5 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety at follow up | 168 (29.9) | 274 (38.8) | 442 (34.9) | < 0.001 |
| Mild | 98 (17.5) | 164 (23.2) | 262 (20.7) | |
| Moderate | 60 (10.7) | 104 (14.7) | 164 (12.9) | |
| Severe | 10 (1.8) | 6 (0.9) | 16 (1.3) |
Table 5 Statistical results of patients’ depression status, n (%)
| Indicator | Short term (n = 562) | Long term (n = 706) | Total (n = 1268) | P value |
| Depression, mean ± SD | 6.9 ± 2.5 | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 7.4 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 |
| Depression at follow up | 153 (27.2) | 250 (35.4) | 403 (31.8) | 0.002 |
| Mild | 94 (16.7) | 149 (21.1) | 243 (19.2) | |
| Moderate | 47 (8.4) | 81 (11.5) | 128 (10.1) | |
| Severe | 12 (2.1) | 20 (2.8) | 32 (2.5) |
Table 6 Univariate and multivariate analysis of anxiety symptoms at follow-up
| Variables | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
| P value | Exp | 95%CI | P value | Exp | 95%CI | |
| Gender | 0.001 | 1.473 | 1.161-1.868 | 0.006 | 1.579 | 1.143-2.180 |
| Age > 60 | 0.095 | 0.813 | 0.637-1.037 | 0.197 | 0.839 | 0.643-1.095 |
| Smoking | 0.002 | 0.658 | 0.504-0.860 | 0.162 | 0.769 | 0.533-1.111 |
| Alcohol abuse | 0.054 | 0.757 | 0.570-1.005 | 0.631 | 1.097 | 0.751-1.605 |
| Hypertension | 0.142 | 0.841 | 0.667-1.060 | |||
| Diabetes | 0.77 | 1.068 | 0.685-1.665 | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.123 | 0.708 | 0.457-1.098 | |||
| Multiple aneurysms | < 0.001 | 2.573 | 1.746-3.792 | 0.035 | 1.663 | 1.036-2.669 |
| Family history of cerebral bleeding | < 0.001 | 7.085 | 3.350-14.984 | < 0.001 | 4.968 | 2.108-11.708 |
| HH grade 4 and 5 | 0.218 | 1.32 | 0.849-2.053 | |||
| WFNS grade 4 and 5 | 0.428 | 1.143 | 0.822-1.589 | |||
| MFS grade 3 and 4 | 0.203 | 1.167 | 0.920-1.482 | |||
| Posterior aneurysm1 | 0.215 | 0.77 | 0.509-1.164 | |||
| Surgical clipping | < 0.001 | 3.966 | 3.098-5.076 | < 0.001 | 4.025 | 3.108-5.214 |
| Clinical outcomes2 | 0.694 | 1.103 | 0.676-1.801 | |||
| Function-improvement3 | 0.002 | 1.459 | 1.153-1.846 | 0.16 | 1.204 | 0.929-1.56 |
Table 7 Univariate and multivariate analysis of depression symptoms at follow-up
| Variables | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
| P value | Exp | 95%CI | P value | Exp | 95%CI | |
| Gender | < 0.001 | 1.803 | 1.407-2.309 | 0.029 | 1.429 | 1.037-1.970 |
| Age > 60 | < 0.001 | 1.759 | 1.379-2.242 | < 0.001 | 0.581 | 0.451-0.749 |
| Smoking | < 0.001 | 0.569 | 0.429-0.753 | 0.484 | 0.877 | 0.607-1.267 |
| Alcohol abuse | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.375-0.697 | 0.087 | 0.711 | 0.481-1.051 |
| Hypertension | 0.514 | 0.924 | 0.729-1.171 | |||
| Diabetes | 0.653 | 0.899 | 0.564-1.432 | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.666 | 1.097 | 0.721-1.669 | |||
| Multiple aneurysms | 0.003 | 1.813 | 1.229-2.675 | 0.003 | 1.844 | 1.234-2.757 |
| Family history of cerebral bleeding | 0.741 | 1.117 | 0.579-2.154 | |||
| HH grade 4 and 5 | 0.472 | 1.181 | 0.750-1.861 | |||
| WFNS grade 4 and 5 | 0.719 | 1.064 | 0.758-1.494 | |||
| MFS grade 3 and 4 | 0.774 | 1.036 | 0.813-1.321 | |||
| Posterior aneurysm1 | 0.079 | 1.419 | 0.960-2.097 | 0.018 | 1.652 | 1.091-2.502 |
| Surgical clipping | 0.001 | 1.477 | 1.165-1.873 | 0.187 | 1.189 | 0.920-1.537 |
| Clinical outcomes2 | 0.006 | 1.951 | 1.212-3.141 | 0.001 | 2.264 | 1.375-3.730 |
| Function-improvement3 | 0.001 | 1.481 | 1.163-1.886 | < 0.001 | 1.604 | 1.242-2.071 |
- Citation: Wang ZX, Gao XY, Cao YP, Li KX. Psychiatric sequelae following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Insights from a high-volume neurosurgical center in northern China. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(10): 109439
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i10/109439.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.109439
