Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2022; 12(3): 470-482
Published online Mar 19, 2022. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i3.470
Table 1 Comparison between early-onset and late-onset groups
Total patients (n = 105)Early-onset (n = 63)Late-onset (n = 42)P value
Gender (n, %)1
Male 49 (46.67)26 (41.27)23 (54.76)
Female56 (53.34)37 (58.73)19 (45.24)0.231
Marital status (n, %)2
Married63 (60.0)33 (52.38)30 (71.43)0.067
Single (unmarried/divorced/widowed)42 (40.0)30 (47.62)12 (28.57)
Education (n, %)2
Primary school and below26 (24.76)12 (19.05)14 (33.33)0.073
Secondary school44 (41.90)25 (39.68)19 (45.24)
College and above35 (33.33)26 (41.27)9 (21.43)
Career change due to illness (n, %)20.955
No change69 (65.71)41 (65.08)28 (66.67)
Leave of absence 24 (22.86)15 (23.81)9 (21.43)
Transfer/unemployment12 (11.43)7 (11.11)5 (11.90)
BMI (kg/m2)321.71 (5.77)20.51 (4.21)24.36 (4.53)< 0.001c
Disease duration (mo)35.00(12.21)7.00(13.34)4.00(8.50)0.016a
MGFA classification at evaluating (n, %)1
28 (26.67)21 (33.33)7 (16.67)
40 (38.10)22 (34.92)18 (42.86)
31 (29.52)16 (25.40)15 (35.71)
6 (5.71)4 (6.35)2 (4.76)0.255
Thymectomy (n, %)244 (41.90)28 (44.44)16 (38.10)0.551
Comorbidities (n, %)249 (46.67)32 (50.79)17 (40.48)0.299
Inducing factor (n, %)1
Respiratory infection 12 (11.43)6 (9.52)6 (14.29)
Overfatigue 3 (2.86)1 (1.59)2 (4.76)
No triggers90 (85.71)56 (88.89)34 (80.95)0.470
Clinical features
Onset symptom
Blepharoptosis (n, %)297 (92.38)59 (93.65)38 (90.48)0.711
Dysphagia (n, %)250 (47.62)29 (46.03)21 (50.00)0.842
Limb muscle weakness (n, %)255 (52.38)31 (49.21)24 (57.14)0.550
Dyspnea (n, %)215 (14.29)5 (7.94)10 (23.81)0.043a
Serum antibody (nmol/L) 3
Anti-AChR Ab9.54 (25.98)3.11 (17.98)17.51 (27.45)0.002b
Anti-MuSK Ab0 (1.13)0.31 (2.17)0 (0)0.098
Seronegative (n, %)216 (15.24)11 (17.46)5 (11.90)0.582
Immunotherapy at evaluating
Glucocorticoids (n, %)276 (72.38)49 (77.78)27 (64.29)0.181
Azathioprine (n, %)231 (29.52)19 (30.16)12 (28.57)0.861
Tacrolimus (n, %)28 (7.62)3 (4.76)5 (11.90)0.262
Leflunomide (n, %)222 (20.95)13 (20.63)9 (21.43)0.922
No immunotherapy (n, %)253 (50.48)32 (50.79)21 (50.00)0.936
Neuropsychological scales
MGC36.00 (6.50)6.00 (6.00)7.00 (7.00)0.103
ADL33.00 (3.00)3.00 (4.00)3.00 (2.00)0.960
QOL-15314.00 (15.00)12.00 (13.50)16.00 (20.00)0.027a
HAM-A36.00 (7.00)5.00 (5.50)8.50 (7.50)< 0.001c
HAM-D38.00 (7.00)7.00 (8.00) 10.50 (7.75)0.018a
Table 2 Correlation between clinical features and age at onset
Clinical features
Correlation
95%CI
t
P value
Disease duration-0.59-0.70, -0.446-7.370< 0.001c
BMI0.410.233, 0.5554.520< 0.001c
Anti-AChR Ab0.310.128, 0.475 3.3350.001b
QOL-150.320.133, 0.4793.3830.001b
HAM-A0.410.236, 0.5574.548< 0.001c
HAM-D0.260.074, 0.4322.7590.007b
Table 3 Multivariate logistic model of the clinical determinants of anxiety/depression in myasthenia gravis patients
Variables
Model 1
Model 2
OR (95%CI)
P value
OR (95%CI)
P value
Anxiety
Gender0.96 (0.45-2.07)0.9170.65 (0.25-1.68)0.372
Age at onset 1.04 (1.02-1.07)0.002b1.02 (0.99-1.05)0.305
Disease duration0.93 (0.88-0.98)0.0700.97 (0.90-1.04)0.414
BMI1.10 (0.99-1.23)0.0751.05 (0.92-1.21)0.485
Anti-AChR Ab1.02 (1.00-1.05)0.0921.02 (0.99-1.05)0.274
QOL-151.10 (1.05-1.16)< 0.001c1.10 (1.04-1.15)< 0.001c
Depression
Gender0.82 (0.36-1.82)0.6360.56 (0.19-1.64)0.293
Age at onset 1.03 (1.00-1.06)0.022a1.03 (0.99-1.06)0.162
Disease duration0.98 (0.93-1.03)0.4181.06 (0.98-1.15)0.172
BMI1.05 (0.93-1.17)0.4400.97 (0.83-1.13)0.678
Anti-AChR Ab1.10 (0.99-1.04)0.3871.01 (0.97-1.05)0.582
QOL-151.19 (1.10-1.28)< 0.001c1.20 (1.10-1.30)< 0.001c