Clinical symptom improvement following modified electroconvulsive therapy is associated with modulation of peripheral inflammatory markers in schizophrenia

Figure 1 Scatter plot illustrating the correlation between Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score reduction rate and Δmonocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, Δneutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and Δsystemic immune-inflammatory index. PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; MLR: Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII: Systemic immune-inflammatory index.

Figure 2 Box plots illustrating the differences between the minimal improvement group and the effective group in terms of Δmonocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, Δneutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and Δsystemic immune-inflammatory index. PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; MLR: Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII: Systemic immune-inflammatory index.

Figure 3 Receiver operating characteristic curve for Δmonocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting treatment outcomes of modified electroconvulsive therapy. The area under the curve was 0.73 (95% confidence interval: 0.66-0.80). The marked point in the figure indicates the optimal cutoff value (0.075) determined by the Youden index, which corresponds to both high sensitivity and specificity. The diagonal line (dashed) denotes the reference line, which possesses no predictive value (area under the curve = 0.5). MLR: Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio; AUC: Area under the curve.