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©The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Psychiatry. Jan 19, 2026; 16(1): 113104
Published online Jan 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.113104
Published online Jan 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i1.113104
Risk factors and early identification markers for post-ischemic stroke anxiety and depression
Jie-Dong Zhao, Song-Wang Qiu, Hui-Yan Lin, Chang-Wei Yu, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
Kai-Yan Lin, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China
Co-first authors: Jie-Dong Zhao and Song-Wang Qiu.
Co-corresponding authors: Hui-Yan Lin and Chang-Wei Yu.
Author contributions: Zhao JD and Qiu SW contributed equally to this work and are co-first authors, including study design, data collection, statistical analysis, and manuscript drafting; Lin KY assisted with data analysis and visualization; Lin HY and Yu CW conceptualized the study, supervised the research, provided critical intellectual input, secured funding, and approved the final manuscript; they contributed equally to this manuscript and are co-corresponding authors. All authors have read and approved the final version.
Institutional review board statement: This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University (No. M2022001). The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national regulations.
Informed consent statement: Due to the retrospective design of this study, which involved analysis of existing medical records and did not require any direct contact or intervention with patients, the requirement for obtaining signed informed consent was waived. This waiver was granted by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University (No. M2022001), in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and the Declaration of Helsinki. All patient data were anonymized to ensure confidentiality.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: De-identified individual participant data and the analysis code underlying the findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and Institutional Review Board permission, subject to institutional and data-protection policies.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Chang-Wei Yu, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 160 Hexiang West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China. 15880284048@163.com
Received: September 16, 2025
Revised: October 21, 2025
Accepted: December 3, 2025
Published online: January 19, 2026
Processing time: 105 Days and 16.6 Hours
Revised: October 21, 2025
Accepted: December 3, 2025
Published online: January 19, 2026
Processing time: 105 Days and 16.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Post-stroke anxiety and depression are common but underrecognized complications after ischemic stroke, adversely affecting recovery and prognosis. This study integrates demographic, clinical, neuroimaging, inflammatory, and neuroendocrine indicators to identify independent risk factors and early biomarkers for post-stroke anxiety and depression. Female gender, prior mental disorders, frontal-limbic infarcts, severe stroke, and low social support were key predictors. Elevated interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cortisol, alongside reduced insulin-like growth factor-1, showed strong diagnostic value, providing a multidimensional framework for early screening and targeted intervention in high-risk patients.