Jianpi Huazhuo Xiaoying Decoction plus emotional conditioning for thyroid nodule treatment: Impact on treatment outcomes and anxiety/depression

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.113229

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Publication Name

World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Jun 19, 2026; 16(6): 113229
Published online Jun 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.113229

Jianpi Huazhuo Xiaoying Decoction plus emotional conditioning for thyroid nodule treatment: Impact on treatment outcomes and anxiety/depression

Jing Deng, Chong Zhang, Yu-Xin Xiao, Ling Wang

Jing Deng, Ling Wang, Medical College, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China

Jing Deng, Department of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China

Chong Zhang, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China

Yu-Xin Xiao, Medical College, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan Province, China

Author contributions: Deng J designed the study; Deng J and Zhang C collected and analyzed the data, wrote the manuscript, and revised the manuscript; Deng J, Zhang C, Xiao YX, and Wang L participated in the collection of the data; and all authors approved the final version of the manuscript to be submitted.

Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, No. lunshen(yan)2024[651-1].

Informed consent statement: All research participants or their legal guardians provided written informed consent.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.

Corresponding author: Ling Wang, MD, Medical College, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. 3230004505@student.must.edu.mo

Received: September 23, 2025
Revised: November 18, 2025
Accepted: February 2, 2026
Published online: June 19, 2026
Processing time: 247 Days and 1.6 Hours

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Conventional treatments for thyroid nodules (TNs), whether based on Western medicine or limited to emotional regulation, diet, and lifestyle adjustments, have shown modest effectiveness.

AIM

To evaluate the efficacy of Jianpi Huazhuo Xiaoying Decoction (JPHZXYD), a formula designed to strengthen the spleen, resolve turbidity, and disperse nodules, combined with emotional conditioning therapy in the management of TNs.

METHODS

A total of 123 patients with TNs (January 2023 to November 2024) were enrolled and divided into two groups: A control group (n = 60) receiving conventional nonpharmacological management (emotional guidance, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle modifications) and an observation group (n = 63) receiving JPHZXYD plus emotional conditioning therapy. Outcomes compared between the two groups included traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores, anxiety and depression levels, overall treatment effectiveness, TN morphology (number, diameter, and vascularity), pulsatility index, resistance index, thyroid function indicators (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone), and thyroid autoantibodies (thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody).

RESULTS

Compared with both baseline measurements and the control group, the observation group showed significant reductions in traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores, pulsatility index, resistance index, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid peroxidase antibody, and thyroglobulin antibody levels. Patients in the observation group also experienced greater improvements in anxiety and depression, higher overall treatment effectiveness, and more pronounced reductions in TN diameter, number, and microvascular density, along with greater posttreatment increases in free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels compared with controls.

CONCLUSION

JPHZXYD combined with emotional conditioning therapy enhances therapeutic efficacy and alleviates anxiety and depression in patients with TNs.

Keywords: Jianpi Huazhuo Xiaoying Decoction; Emotional conditioning; Thyroid nodules; Anxiety and depression; Treatment outcomes

Core Tip: A total of 123 patients diagnosed with thyroid nodules (TNs) were selected to analyze the clinical effects of Jianpi Huazhuo Xiaoying Decoction combined with emotional conditioning and standardized life interventions (emotional guidance + dietary adjustments + daily routine modifications). The combined treatment alleviated clinical symptoms and negative emotions, improved efficacy, reduced the number and average diameter of TNs, lowered microvascular density, and improved thyroid function. These findings support its use as a valuable therapeutic strategy for managing TNs.