Marzoog BA, Kopylov P. Myocardiocyte senescence in ischemic heart disease and breathome changes. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(1): 117186 [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.117186]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Basheer Abdullah Marzoog, MD, PhD, Institute of Personalized Cardiology of The Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare” of Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow 119991, Moskva, Russia. marzug@mail.ru
Research Domain of This Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Mar 20, 2026 (publication date) through Mar 20, 2026
Times Cited of This Article
Times Cited (0)
Journal Information of This Article
Publication Name
World Journal of Experimental Medicine
ISSN
2220-315x
Publisher of This Article
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Share the Article
Marzoog BA, Kopylov P. Myocardiocyte senescence in ischemic heart disease and breathome changes. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(1): 117186 [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.117186]
World J Exp Med. Mar 20, 2026; 16(1): 117186 Published online Mar 20, 2026. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i1.117186
Myocardiocyte senescence in ischemic heart disease and breathome changes
Basheer Abdullah Marzoog, Philipp Kopylov
Basheer Abdullah Marzoog, Philipp Kopylov, Institute of Personalized Cardiology of The Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare” of Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Moskva, Russia
Author contributions: Marzoog BA is the writer and researcher, collected and analyzed data, and revised the final version of the paper; Kopylov P revised the manuscript; all authors have read and approved the manuscript.
Supported by the Government Assignment «Application of Mass Spectrometry and Exhaled Air Emission Spectrometry for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification», No. 1023022600020-6; the Priority 2030 Program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, Project «Screening of Cardiac Pathology Using Telemedicine Technologies and Elements of Artificial Intelligence», No. 03.000.B.163; and the Priority 2030 Program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, Project «The Digital Cardiology with Artificial Intelligence», No. 03.000.B.166.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
Corresponding author: Basheer Abdullah Marzoog, MD, PhD, Institute of Personalized Cardiology of The Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare” of Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow 119991, Moskva, Russia. marzug@mail.ru
Received: December 1, 2025 Revised: January 13, 2026 Accepted: February 27, 2026 Published online: March 20, 2026 Processing time: 104 Days and 19.1 Hours
Abstract
Aging is an irreversible and continuous process characterized by metabolic alterations induced by epigenomic changes. Myocardiocytes, a type of cardiac cell, are among the cells affected by this process. These changes affect cardiometabolic homeostasis at both cellular and subcellular levels. Consequently, dysregulation occurs between the protective and aggressive systems of myocardiocytes, leading to an increased prevalence of the aggressive system. This imbalance weakens the protective system against harmful factors, such as ischemia. As a result, ischemic heart disease develops, and pathological cardiometabolic changes in myocardiocytes progress with each ischemia-reperfusion event. These cardiometabolic alterations serve as biomarkers (outcomes) of ischemic myocardiocytes released into the bloodstream. The detection of these biomarkers in exhaled breath, in the form of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is feasible using various types of mass spectrometers, including the proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometer. Exhaled VOCs can be utilized as biomarkers of the biological age of myocardiocytes by measuring the concentration of specific VOCs associated with cardiometabolic changes and ischemic myocardiocytes. This article explores the relationship between myocardiocyte aging and the development of ischemic heart disease, as well as the changes in exhaled VOCs.
Core Tip: This mini-review pioneers a novel integrative concept linking myocardiocyte aging, ischemic heart disease pathogenesis, and the emerging field of breathomics. We propose that the metabolic byproducts of senescent myocardiocytes, released into the bloodstream, are detectable as a unique volatile organic compound signature in exhaled breath. This “breathome” offers a potential non-invasive window to directly assess cardiac biological age and ischemic heart disease status, moving beyond traditional risk scores. The article critically explores this missing chain between cellular senescence and breath biomarkers, framing breath analysis as a future tool for diagnostics, risk stratification, and monitoring of anti-senescence therapies in cardiology.
