Clinical and cost-effectiveness of noninvasive ventilation over invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure: A single-center study from India

Table 1 Demographic profile of patients in two groups

	Noninvasive ventilation group (n = 197)	Invasive mechanical ventilation group (n = 122)	P value
Age (years), (mean ± SD)	59.2 (64.1 ± 7.8)	63.6 (67.2 ± 5.5)	> 0.05
Sex (male:female)	79:118	54:68	> 0.05

Table 2 Primary diseases causing respiratory failure in the two groups, n (%)

Primary disease	Noninvasive ventilation group (n = 197)	Invasive mechanical ventilation group (n = 122)
Respiratory problems	77 (39)	40 (33)
Sepsis	46 (23)	22 (18)
Coma/neurological disorders	15 (8)	24 (20)
Neuromuscular diseases	29 (15)	11 (9)
Post cardiopulmonary resuscitation	3 (1)	6 (5)
Trauma	9 (5)	7 (6)
Others	18 (9)	12 (10)

Table 3 Primary and secondary outcomes in the two groups, n (%)

Outcomes	Noninvasive ventilation group (n = 197)	Invasive mechanical ventilation group (n = 122)	P value
ICU stay (days), (mean ± SD)	5 ± 3.25	9 ± 2.6	< 0.05a
Mortality	11.16% (22/197)	33.6% (41/122)	< 0.01a
Avg ICU cost (₹)	83902	476216
Hospital length of stay (days), (mean ± SD)	12.5 ± 3.25	13.25 ± 4.5	> 0.05
Need for intubation	33 (16.75)	122 (100)
Need for tracheostomy	3 (1.5)	14 (11.4)

^aP < 0.05 significant.

ICU: Intensive care unit.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis (for parameters significantly associated with increased odds of invasive mechanical ventilation)

	P value	OR	95%CI for OR
			Lower	Upper
Mortality	0.001	7.73	3.12	19.18
Intensive care unit stay	0.001	2.73	2.15	3.48

OR: Odd ratio.