Sepsis and the diverse organ-gastrointestinal tract axis

Figure 1 Interplay between disrupted gut barrier integrity, microbial translocation, reduced short chain fatty acid production, and the resulting pro-inflammatory cascade that exacerbates multi-organ dysfunction through microbial-derived metabolites and cytokine release. SCFA: Short chain fatty acid; PAMPs: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns; DAMPs: Damage-associated molecular patterns; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL: Interleukin; LPS: Lipopolysaccharides.

Figure 2 Impact of gut-organ axes in sepsis on multi-organ dysfunction affecting the lungs, brain, heart, kidneys, and liver. ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; SAE: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy; AKI: Acute kidney injury.