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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Crit Care Med. Dec 9, 2025; 14(4): 105547
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v14.i4.105547
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v14.i4.105547
Sepsis and the diverse organ-gastrointestinal tract axis
Jia Dong James Wang, Enhui Suan, Sean Siwei Li, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nan
Vishal G Shelat, Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
Author contributions: Wang JD, Suan E, Li SS, and Shelat VG conceptualized the paper, drafted the paper, and made critical revisions. All authors provided final approval of the version of the paper to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Vishal G Shelat, Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hos
Received: January 27, 2025
Revised: April 16, 2025
Accepted: June 3, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 306 Days and 22.5 Hours
Revised: April 16, 2025
Accepted: June 3, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 306 Days and 22.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This review underscores the critical role of gut microbiota in sepsis pathophysiology, revealing how gut dysbiosis exacerbates multi-organ dysfunction via organ-gut axes (gut-liver, gut-lung, gut-brain, gut-kidney, and gut-heart). Innovative microbiota-targeted therapies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, show potential to restore microbial balance, reduce systemic inflammation, and improve outcomes. By synthesizing current evidence, this manuscript provides a foundation for integrating microbiota-based approaches into sepsis management frameworks, offering a novel perspective for mitigating the global burden of sepsis.