Death in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in the intensive care unit: First week data
Ilia S Avrusin, Natalia N Abramova, Liudmila A Firsova, Yury S Aleksandrovich, Dmitry O Ivanov, Mikhail M Kostik
Ilia S Avrusin, Mikhail M Kostik, Hospital Pediatrics, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg 194100, Sankt-Peterburg, Russia
Natalia N Abramova, Yury S Aleksandrovich, Department of Anestesiology, Reanimatology and Emergency Pediatrics, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg 194100, Sankt-Peterburg, Russia
Liudmila A Firsova, Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg 194100, Sankt-Peterburg, Russia
Dmitry O Ivanov, Department of Neonatology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg 194100, Sankt-Peterburg, Russia
Co-first authors: Ilia S Avrusin and Natalia N Abramova.
Author contributions: Avrusin IS, Abramova NN, and Kostik MM contributed to conceptualization, writing, review, and editing; Avrusin IS and Abramova NN contributed equally to this article as co-first authors; Ivanov DO, Aleksandrovich Yu S, and Kostik MM contributed to methodology; Avrusin IS and Firsova LA contributed to software, resources, data curation, and validation; Avrusin IS and Kostik MM contributed to formal analysis; Abramova NN and Firsova LA contributed to investigation and visualization; Avrusin IS, Aleksandrovich YS, and Kostik MM contributed to writing original draft, funding, supervision, and project administration; and all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University on March 22, 2021, approve No. 03/09.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Corresponding author: Mikhail M Kostik, MD, PhD, Professor, Hospital Pediatrics, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Lytovskaya 2, Saint Petersburg 194100, Sankt-Peterburg, Russia.
kost-mikhail@yandex.ru
Received: July 23, 2025
Revised: September 10, 2025
Accepted: November 27, 2025
Published online: March 9, 2026
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