Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Crit Care Med. Dec 9, 2025; 14(4): 111260
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v14.i4.111260
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v14.i4.111260
Critical care primary services are associated with reduced midazolam use in the intensive care unit
Konstantin G Nestoiter, Matthew Zaccheo, Christopher Franz, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Harrisburg, Harrisburg, PA 17101, United States
Kristin Feick, Kristen Looney, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Harrisburg, Harrisburg, PA 17101, United States
Yijin Wert, Department of Research and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Harrisburg, Harrisburg, PA 17101, United States
Co-corresponding authors: Konstantin G Nestoiter and Christopher Franz.
Author contributions: All authors contribute to data analysis; Nestoiter KG, Feick K, Looney K, Zaccheo M, Franz C contribute to writing of the manuscript, data collection; Nestoiter KG and Franz C they contributed equally to this manuscript and are co-corresponding authors.
Institutional review board statement: Approval letter was given by our Institutional Review Board. Our study qualified for expedited review as per 45 CFR 46.110, 21 CFR 56.110 and Policy IRB# 07.
Informed consent statement: Given that the study was a retrospective observational study, our IRB board identified our study as a minimal risk and thus informed consent was not required.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: No additional data will be provided.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Konstantin G Nestoiter, MD, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg, 111 S Front St, Harrisburg, PA 17101, United States. konstantin.nestoiter@gmail.com
Received: June 27, 2025
Revised: July 23, 2025
Accepted: October 17, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 155 Days and 15.8 Hours
Revised: July 23, 2025
Accepted: October 17, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 155 Days and 15.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Advancements have been made to improve outcomes among critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care units. Our study outlines the importance of adhering to guideline-based therapy when it comes to sedation, which is more commonly done in an intensivist staffing model. The choice of sedation has a strong impact on the overall care of the patient during their intensive care unit stay as well as the recovery period after they are discharged from the hospital.