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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Pediatr. Dec 9, 2025; 14(4): 109619
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.109619
Published online Dec 9, 2025. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.109619
Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus triples the odds of screening positive for eating disorders: A case-control study
Ilektra Toulia, Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Eleni G Paschalidou, Eirini Karagiannopoulou, Kyriaki Tsiroukidou, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis Campus, Larissa GR-42110, Greece
Alexandra Foscolou, Aristea Gioxari, Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata GR-24100, Antikalamos, Greece
Efstratia Daskalou, Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Thessaloniki "G. Gennimatas", Thessaloniki GR-54635, Greece
Odysseas Androutsos, Lab of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Sciences and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala GR-42132, Greece
Dimitrios G Goulis, Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
Co-first authors: Ilektra Toulia and Maria G Grammatikopoulou.
Author contributions: Toulia I also contributed to reviewing and editing the manuscript; Grammatikopoulou MG contributed to the methodology, conceptualization, writing, reviewing and editing of the manuscript; Foscolou A and Gioxari A contributed to the formal analysis, reviewing and editing the manuscript; Daskalou E and Androutsos O contributed in reviewing and editing the manuscript; Paschalidou EG and Karagiannopoulou E collected the data, analyzed the dietary data and created the database used for the analyses; Goulis DG and Tsiroukidou K contributed to reviewing, editing and supervising the work; All authors contributed to the interpretation of the study and approved the final version to be published. Toulia I and Grammatikopoulou MG contributed equally to this work.
Institutional review board statement: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Scientific board of the Hippokration General Hospital (307/12-07-2024).
Informed consent statement: The parents and guardians or all participants provided consent to participation.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflicts of interest declared.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: All data are available upon request to the senior author.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Maria G Grammatikopoulou, PhD, Assistant Professor, Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis Campus, Argonafton & Filellinon Street, Larissa GR-42110, Greece. mgrammat@uth.gr
Received: May 18, 2025
Revised: June 12, 2025
Accepted: August 25, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 167 Days and 20.6 Hours
Revised: June 12, 2025
Accepted: August 25, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 167 Days and 20.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: We showed that children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have a heightened risk for feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) and should be screened when red flags are apparent. A dual FEDs and T1DM diagnosis can halt the linear growth of children, making it difficult for them to reach their genetic potential according to parental height. In parallel, children with short stature also exhibit a high risk for FEDs. Collectively, the results indicate that pediatricians, pediatric endocrinologists and diabetologists should be educated on triage for FEDs, using valid tools to support a prompt identification and management.