Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus triples the odds of screening positive for eating disorders: A case-control study
Ilektra Toulia, Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Alexandra Foscolou, Aristea Gioxari, Eleni G Paschalidou, Eirini Karagiannopoulou, Efstratia Daskalou, Odysseas Androutsos, Dimitrios G Goulis, Kyriaki Tsiroukidou
Ilektra Toulia, Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Eleni G Paschalidou, Eirini Karagiannopoulou, Kyriaki Tsiroukidou, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
Maria G Grammatikopoulou, Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis Campus, Larissa GR-42110, Greece
Alexandra Foscolou, Aristea Gioxari, Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata GR-24100, Antikalamos, Greece
Efstratia Daskalou, Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Thessaloniki "G. Gennimatas", Thessaloniki GR-54635, Greece
Odysseas Androutsos, Lab of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Sciences and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala GR-42132, Greece
Dimitrios G Goulis, Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
Co-first authors: Ilektra Toulia and Maria G Grammatikopoulou.
Author contributions: Toulia I also contributed to reviewing and editing the manuscript; Grammatikopoulou MG contributed to the methodology, conceptualization, writing, reviewing and editing of the manuscript; Foscolou A and Gioxari A contributed to the formal analysis, reviewing and editing the manuscript; Daskalou E and Androutsos O contributed in reviewing and editing the manuscript; Paschalidou EG and Karagiannopoulou E collected the data, analyzed the dietary data and created the database used for the analyses; Goulis DG and Tsiroukidou K contributed to reviewing, editing and supervising the work; All authors contributed to the interpretation of the study and approved the final version to be published. Toulia I and Grammatikopoulou MG contributed equally to this work.
Institutional review board statement: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Scientific board of the Hippokration General Hospital (307/12-07-2024).
Informed consent statement: The parents and guardians or all participants provided consent to participation.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflicts of interest declared.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: All data are available upon request to the senior author.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Maria G Grammatikopoulou, PhD, Assistant Professor, Immunonutrition Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis Campus, Argonafton & Filellinon Street, Larissa GR-42110, Greece.
mgrammat@uth.gr
Received: May 18, 2025
Revised: June 12, 2025
Accepted: August 25, 2025
Published online: December 9, 2025
Processing time: 167 Days and 20.6 Hours
