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©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Orthop. Jan 18, 2026; 17(1): 112262
Published online Jan 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i1.112262
Published online Jan 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i1.112262
Table 1 Body weight and biochemical parameters of animals, mean ± SD/medians (interquartile ranges)
| Initial level | All animals | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 |
| Weight, g | 3456.2 ± 321.6 | 3446.7 ± 272.9 | 3008.5 ± 274.8 | 3572.0 ± 248.3 | 3600.3 ± 216.9 |
| 3518 (3356-3626) | 3546 (3138-3656) | 2983 (2802-3215) | 3618 (3390-3736) | 3526 (3490-3626) | |
| ALP, U/L | 95.9 ± 30.7 | 89.3 ± 24.0 | 78.0 ± 45.8 | 100.4 ± 25.7 | 104.4 ± 30.1 |
| 94.0 (72.0-120.0) | 99 (62-107) | 64 (45-111) | 94 (91-109) | 120 (72-134) | |
| Osteocalcin, ng/mL | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 |
| 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.1) | 0.1 (0.1-0.1) | 0.1 (0.1-0.1) | 0.2 (0.1-0.2) | |
| RANKL, pg/mL | 61.5 ± 16.2 | 81.6 ± 0.0 | 48.7 ± 0.0 | 53.7 ± 11.6 | 67.4 ± 18.3 |
| 61.9 (48.7-66.6) | 81.6 (81.6-81.6) | 48.7 (48.7-48.7) | 52.5 (43.9-63.5) | 64 (56.2-78.6) | |
| Albumin, g/L | 47.6 ± 3.3 | 49.0 ± 4.6 | 47.7 ± 4.9 | 47.4 ± 3.5 | 47.0 ± 2.3 |
| 47 (45-50) | 50 (44-53) | 50 (42-51) | 46 (45-51) | 47 (45-50) | |
| Sclerostin, ng/mL | 105.2 ± 79.8 | 162.0 ± 0.0 | 71.5 ± 67.2 | 104.0 ± 147.1 | 118.0 ± 0.0 |
| 118.5 (24-162) | 162 (162-162) | 71.5 (24-119) | 104 (0-208) | 118 (118-118) | |
| 1 month after infection | |||||
| Weight, g | 3608.8 ± 325.1 | 3481.3 ± 185.5 | 3212.0 ± 113.3 | 3779.4 ± 315.9 | 3719.4 ± 270.9 |
| 3554 (3350-3756) | 3466 (3304-3674) | 3224 (3119-3305) | 3756 (3468-3924) | 3606 (3520-3994) | |
| ALP, U/L | 65.4 ± 25.5 | 58.7 ± 18.2 | 56.3 ± 27.7 | 60.7 ± 22.3 | 78.1 ± 29.7 |
| 66 (46-79) | 53 (44-79) | 65 (37-75.5) | 66 (45-76) | 81 (46-94) | |
| Osteocalcin, ng/mL | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 |
| 0.2 (0.1-0.2) | 0.2 (0.2-0.2) | 0.2 (0.1-0.2) | 0.2 (0.1-0.2) | 0.2 (0.1-0.2) | |
| RANKL, pg/mL | 58.2 ± 14.1 | 52.9 ± 9.6 | 67.9 ± 20.9 | 60.9 ± 10.4 | 52.2 ± 13.4 |
| 60.2 (49.6-64.7) | 56 (42.1-60.6) | 63.8 (55-80.8) | 62.5 (49.6-68.9) | 53.2 (42.2-62.1) | |
| Albumin, g/L | 45.1 ± 2.8 | 47.3 ± 1.2 | 43.0 ± 3.7 | 46.3 ± 2.8 | 44.1 ± 1.5 |
| 45 (43-48) | 48 (46-48) | 42.5 (40.5-45.5) | 47 (44-48) | 44 (43-45) | |
| Sclerostin, ng/mL | 178.2 ± 102.2 | 155.1 ± 82.4 | 159.7 ± 39.3 | 231.0 ± 130.8 | 146.1 ± 99.9 |
| 141.4 (115-247.9) | 127.3 (90.2-247.9) | 165.2 (118-196) | 191.9 (119.6-353.3) | 133.4 (99.5-227.2) | |
| Before surgery | |||||
| Weight, g | 3659.9 ± 377.6 | 3821.3 ± 356.1 | 3153.0 ± 201.7 | 3872.9 ± 309.9 | 3667.4 ± 281.5 |
| 3580 (3426-4018) | 3682 (3556-4226) | 3143 (2996-3310) | 3914 (3602-4022) | 3514 (3490-4058) | |
| ALP, U/L | 55.9 ± 18.5 | 50.0 ± 24.1 | 40.5 ± 20.9 | 52.1 ± 13.2 | 71.0 ± 10.0 |
| 57 (47-75) | 48 (27-75) | 40 (23-58) | 50 (44-60) | 76 (58-80) | |
| Osteocalcin, ng/mL | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 |
| 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.1) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | |
| RANKL, pg/mL | 62.9 ± 11.5 | 66.3 ± 18.1 | 68.6 ± 5.1 | 63.3 ± 7.0 | 57.9 ± 14.5 |
| 65.7 (54.4-69.8) | 60.2 (51.9-86.7) | 69.7 (65.1-72.1) | 66.4 (54.4-68.6) | 57.7 (48.5-71) | |
| Albumin, g/L | 44.7 ± 2.9 | 43.7 ± 3.2 | 47.0 ± 1.0 | 45.8 ± 3.2 | 43.3 ± 2.4 |
| 45 (42-47) | 45 (40-46) | 47 (46-48) | 46.5 (42-49) | 43 (41-45) | |
| Sclerostin, ng/mL | 204.0 ± 104.2 | 229.6 ± 107.9 | 145.1 ± 56.2 | 244.7 ± 149.0 | 185.8 ± 59.9 |
| 165 (155.6-231.3) | 177.6 (157.6-353.7) | 137.8 (103.3-186.9) | 181.7 (133.5-370.2) | 164 (158.5-231.3) | |
| 3 months after surgery | |||||
| Weight, g | 3952.9 ± 515.7 | 3786.7 ± 767.7 | 3340.0 ± 307.6 | 4282.9 ± 320.4 | 4044.3 ± 372.7 |
| 3870 (3680-4390) | 3410 (3280-4670) | 3270 (3135-3545) | 4340 (4150-4440) | 3870 (3770-4390) | |
| ALP, U/L | 38.3 ± 12.6 | 41.3 ± 14.0 | 28.0 ± 9.7 | 40.7 ± 14.5 | 40.6 ± 10.9 |
| 37 (28-50) | 40 (28-56) | 25 (22-34) | 39 (28-52) | 37 (30-51) | |
| Osteocalcin, ng/mL | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 |
| 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.1) | 0.2 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | |
| RANKL, pg/mL | 55.6 ± 13.6 | 52.7 ± 21.4 | 54.8 ± 18.6 | 58.2 ± 10.7 | 54.8 ± 12.8 |
| 56.3 (47.4-63.5) | 48.1 (33.9-75.9) | 50.7 (42.4-67.2) | 60.9 (57.3-63.5) | 56.1 (45-70.5) | |
| Albumin | 44.1 ± 3.6 | 42.3 ± 6.7 | 42.8 ± 3.3 | 44.3 ± 2.4 | 45.4 ± 3.6 |
| 44 (42-46) | 39 (38-50) | 42.5 (40.5-45) | 43 (42-47) | 44 (44-46) | |
| 6 months after surgery | |||||
| Weight, g | 4033.1 ± 637.9 | 3720.0 ± 989.9 | 3400.0 ± 381.8 | 4498.0 ± 289.4 | 3925.0 ± 657.5 |
| 4230 (3670-4420) | 3720 (3020-4420) | 3400 (3130-3670) | 4330 (4310-4760) | 3885 (3470-4380) | |
| ALP, U/L | 23.7 ± 16.8 | 13.0 ± 0.0 | 22.5 ± 13.4 | 19.3 ± 12.2 | 31.5 ± 24.2 |
| 15 (13-35) | 13 (13-13) | 22.5 (13-32) | 18 (10.5-28) | 25.5 (12.5-50.5) | |
| Osteocalcin, ng/mL | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.0 |
| 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.1) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.3) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | |
| RANKL, pg/mL | 64.6 ± 12.0 | 71.0 ± 0.0 | 55.4 ± 13.1 | 67.7 ± 14.7 | 64.3 ± 11.1 |
| 64.7 (52-71) | 71 (71-71) | 55.4 (46.2-64.7) | 66 (57.2-78.3) | 64.6 (55.8-72.9) | |
| Albumin, g/L | 42.8 ± 2.3 | 41.0 ± 0.0 | 45.0 ± 0.0 | 42.0 ± 1.6 | 43.5 ± 3.0 |
| 42 (42-44) | 41 (41-41) | 45 (45-45) | 42 (41-43) | 42 (42-45) | |
| Sclerostin, ng/mL | 216.8 ± 116.6 | 293.6 ± 0.0 | 175.5 ± 127.1 | 272.4 ± 137.8 | 162.6 ± 99.0 |
| 186.6 (125.7-305.9) | 293.6 (293.6-293.6) | 175.5 (85.6-265.4) | 272.3 (156.9-388) | 132.9 (102.3-223) | |
- Citation: Petukhova VV, Mushkin AY, Maletin AS, Dogonadze MZ, Zabolotnykh NV, Dyakova ME, Esmedlyaeva DS, Vinogradova TI, Kostik MM. Novel use of bisphosphonates to improve surgical outcomes in experimental bone tuberculosis. World J Orthop 2026; 17(1): 112262
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v17/i1/112262.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v17.i1.112262