Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Orthop. Apr 18, 2024; 15(4): 346-354
Published online Apr 18, 2024. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i4.346
Table 1 Baseline characteristics, n (%)
Groups
TXA group (n = 26)
Non-TXA group (n = 41)
P value
Demographics
    Number of patients2641
    Mean age (yr)57 56 0.9
    Male15 (58)26 (63)0.2
    Female11 (42)15 (36)
Regular use of antithrombotic
    Yes6 (23)3 (7)0.6
    No20 (77)38 (93)
Mechanism of injury
    RTA5 (19)4 (10)0.45
    Fall18 (69)34 (83)
    Other (eizures, trauma) 3 (7)3 (7)
Spine pathology
    Spinal fracture23 (88)37 (90)0.45
    Spinal cord injury3 (11)3 (10)
SLIC/TLIC score
    0-32 (7.6)3 (7)0.7
    43 (11)14 (34)
    > 419 (74)23 (56)
    Not applicable 2 (7.6)1 (2)
ASA grades
    Grade 41 (4)3 (7)0.48
    Grade 39 (35)8 (19)
    Grade 28 (30.6)21 (51)
    Grade 18 (30.6)9 (22)
Table 2 Surgery characteristics, n (%)
Surgery characteristics
TXA group (n = 26)
Non-TXA group (n = 41)
P value
Type of operation
    Corpectomy + fusion2 (7.6)1 (2)
    Stabilization6 (23)24 (58)
    Decompression1 (4)0
    Fusion1 (4)1 (2)
    Stabilization + fusion6 (23)0
    Decompression + fusion7 (27)9 (22)
    Decompression + stabilization3 (11)6 (14)
Approach
    Open26 (100)24 (58)0.04
    Minimally invasive017 (41)
Type of approach
    Anterior8 (31)8 (19)0.4
    Posterior17 (65)32 (78)
    Both1 (4)1 (2)
Levels involved4.6 (2-9)1.4 (1–7)0.02
Duration of surgery (min)203 (120–428) 159 (48–540) 0.03
Table 3 Comparison of outcomes between the tranexamic acid and non-tranexamic acid groups, n (%)
Outcomes
TXA group (n = 26)
Non-TXA group (n = 41)
P value
Intraoperative blood loss
    < 150 mL8 (31)36 (88)0.03
    150-300 mL15 (58)4 (10)
    300-500 mL3 (11)1 (2)
    Intraoperative cell salvage2 (7.6)1 (2)
    Intra-operative transfusion1 (4)2 (5)
    Drain inserted21 (81)19 (46)
Time of drain removal
    24 h11 (42)14 (34)0.002
    48 h9 (35)5 (12)
    > 48 h1 (4)0
Admittance to discharge (d)10 3 0.7
Table 4 Regression analysis
Model
R
R square
Adjusted R square
Std. Error of the estimate
10.33810.1140.0721.337