Biological approaches and biomaterial-based solutions for bone reconstruction: A comprehensive review

doi:10.5312/wjo.v17.i4.116707

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Orthop. Apr 18, 2026; 17(4): 116707
Published online Apr 18, 2026. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v17.i4.116707

Biological approaches and biomaterial-based solutions for bone reconstruction: A comprehensive review

Bárbara de Oliveira Horvath Pereira, Bianca de Oliveira Horvath-Pereira, Carlos Henrique Bertoni Reis, Evelyn Lorene Rodrigues da Silva, Leandro Norberto da Silva-Júnior, Rogério Leone Buchaim, Daniela Vieira Buchaim

Bárbara de Oliveira Horvath Pereira, Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil

Bianca de Oliveira Horvath-Pereira, School of Agronomy, Evangelical University of Goiás, Anápolis 75083-515, Goiás, Brazil

Carlos Henrique Bertoni Reis, UNIMAR Beneficent Hospital, University of Marília, Marília 17525-160, Brazil

Evelyn Lorene Rodrigues da Silva, Medical School, University Center of Adamantina, Adamantina 17800-000, São Paulo, Brazil

Leandro Norberto da Silva-Júnior, Animal Reproduction Company, Embriotec, Anápolis 75093-760, Goiás, Brazil

Rogério Leone Buchaim, Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil

Daniela Vieira Buchaim, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University Center of Adamantina, Adamantina 17800-000, São Paulo, Brazil

Author contributions: Horvath Pereira BO, Horvath-Pereira BO, da Silva-Júnior LN and Buchaim RV contributed to conceptualization; Horvath Pereira BO, Reis CHB and da Silva ELR contributed to methodology; Horvath Pereira BO, Horvath-Pereira BO, da Silva-Júnior LN, Buchaim RL and Buchaim DV contributed to writing-original draft preparation, writing, review and editing; Horvath Pereira BO, Reis CHB, da Silva ELR, Buchaim RL and Buchaim DV contributed to validation; Buchaim RL and Buchaim DV contributed to supervision and project administration; Horvath Pereira BO and Buchaim RL contributed to funding acquisition; all authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this work.

Corresponding author: Daniela Vieira Buchaim, PhD, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University Center of Adamantina, Av. Francisco Bellusci, 1000 Distrito Industrial Otavio Gacazzi, Adamantina 17800-000, São Paulo, Brazil. danibuchaim@alumni.usp.br

Received: November 18, 2025
Revised: December 13, 2025
Accepted: January 26, 2026
Published online: April 18, 2026
Processing time: 143 Days and 13.2 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Regenerative medicine combines biology, engineering, and technology to achieve predictable bone regeneration. While autogenous grafts remain the gold standard for their osteogenic properties, they pose limitations such as donor site morbidity and volume constraints. Alternatives like allogeneic, xenogeneic, and synthetic materials improve biocompatibility and tissue integration. Advanced biomaterials, including bioactive scaffolds, enhance extracellular matrix mimicry, supporting cell adhesion, vascularization, and mineralized tissue formation. Emerging strategies in tissue engineering, cell therapy, and photobiomodulation show promise for osteogenesis and repair. Integrating biological approaches with synthetic solutions offers a path toward individualized, effective, and evidence-based regenerative treatments in orthopedics.