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Objective functional assessment in orthopedics: The emerging role of wearable technologies
Joshua A Wu, Katherine M Kutzer, Devika A Shenoy, Giussepe Yanez, Christian F Zirbes, Sharrieff Shah, Crystal Jing, Ankit Choudhury, Junho Song, Eric Mai, Suraj Dhanjani, Michael Shatkin, Grace Kim, Thorsten M Seyler, Kevin A Wu
Joshua A Wu, Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
Katherine M Kutzer, Devika A Shenoy, Giussepe Yanez, Christian F Zirbes, Sharrieff Shah, Crystal Jing, Thorsten M Seyler, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States
Ankit Choudhury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
Junho Song, Eric Mai, Suraj Dhanjani, Michael Shatkin, Kevin A Wu, Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
Grace Kim, Department of Internal Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, United States
Author contributions: Seyler TM and Wu KA designed the research study; Wu JA, Wu JA, Kutzer KM, Shenoy DA, Yanez G, Zirbes CF, Shah S, Jing C, and Choudhury A performed the literature review and data extraction; Wu JA, Song J, Mai E, Dhanjani S, Shatkin M, Kim G, Seyler TM, and Wu KA contributed to data interpretation and figure/table preparation; Song J, Mai E, Dhanjani S, Shatkin M, Kim G, and Seyler TM provided critical revisions and expert input on orthopedic applications; Wu KA supervised the project, reviewed all drafts, and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Seyler TM has done consulting work for Peptilogics and Restor3d; received royalties or IP-related income from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Pattern Health, Restor3d, and Smith & Nephew; held stock or stock options in MiCare Path and Restor3d; served as a board or committee member for American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons and Musculoskeletal Infection Society; received research support from Zimmer.
Corresponding author: Kevin A Wu, MD, Researcher, Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, United States.
kevin.wu2@mountsinai.org
Received: September 26, 2025
Revised: October 16, 2025
Accepted: January 4, 2026
Published online: March 18, 2026
Processing time: 171 Days and 21.8 Hours
