Hepatic resection in adolescent and young adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of the study participants

Clinical features	Data
Age (year)	69.6
Sex (male/female)	684/201
BMI (kg/m2)	26.8
HBV	120 (13.6)
HCV	367 (41.5)
LC	341 (38.5)
AFP (ng/mL)	4273
PIVKA-II (mAU/mL)	6482
Child-Pugh class (A/B/C/NA)	752/96/0/37
Partial hepatectomy	367 (41.5)
Laparoscopic hepatectomy	304 (34.4)
Vascular invasion (+)	269 (30.4)
Single tumor	640 (72.3)
Tumor diameter (mm)	42.4
pStage (I/II/III/IV/NA)	143/337/243/100/62
Operative time (min)	313
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	745
Positive surgical margin	82 (9.27)
Blood transfusion	112 (12.7)
Postoperative hospital stays (days)	15.7
Morbidity	106

Data are presented as n (%), n, or mean, unless otherwise indicated. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; BMI: Body mass index; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; LC: Liver cirrhosis; NA: Not available; PIVKA-II: Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II; pStage: Pathological stage defined according to the Union for International Cancer Control (8^th edition).

Table 2 Summary of hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in the adolescent and young adult group

Date	Age (year)	Sex	HBV	Child-Pugh class	LC	Hepatectomy	pStage	Cur	Recurrence	Outcome	OS (day)
September 22, 2023	24	M	-	A (5)	-	Lap-subsectionectomy (S8)	II	A2	-	Alive	65
March 4, 2022	26	F	+	A (5)	-	Central bisectionectomy	III	B	-	Alive	177
March 29, 2024	30	F	-	A (6)	+	Lap-partial hepatectomy (S2)	III	C	+	Alive	102
June 25, 2008	34	M	+	A (6)	+	Rt. hepatectomy	III	B	+	Dead	525
December 9, 2015	35	F	+	A (5)	+	Lap-partial hepatectomy (S6)	II	A2	-	Alive	2691
April 10, 2015	37	M	+	A (5)	-	Lap-partial hepatectomy (S8)	I	A1	-	Alive	2983
October 13, 2011	38	M	+	A (6)	+	Rt. hepatectomy	III	B	-	Alive	3842
August 15, 2016	38	F	-	A (5)	+	Partial hepatectomy (S6)	II	A2	+	Alive	2565
August 15, 2008	38	M	+	B (7)	-	Posterior sectionectomy	IV A	B	-	Alive	22

Cur: Surgical curability classification; F: Female; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; LC: Liver cirrhosis; M: Male; OS: Overall survival; pStage: Pathological stage according to the Union for International Cancer Control (8^th edition); S: Couinaud segment.

Table 3 Clinicopathological findings in the adolescent and young adult and non-adolescent and young adult groups

Variable	AYA group (n = 9)	Non-AYA group (n = 885)	P value
Age (year)	33.3	70.0	0.001
Sex (male/female)	5/4	679/197	0.125
BMI	21.6	26.9	0.875
HBV	6/3	114/733	0.001
HCV	0/9	367/483	0.006
LC	2	370	0.353
AFP in ng/mL	7971	4236	0.795
PIVKA-II in mAU/mL	6489	6483	0.999
Child-Pugh class: A/B/C	8/1/0	744/95/0	0.820
Partial hepatectomy: +/-	4/5	363/522	0.554
Laparoscopic hepatectomy: +/-	4/5	300/585	0.375
Vascular invasion: +/-	5/4	264/550	0.134
Tumor number as single/multiple	8/1	632/151	0.460
Tumor diameter in mm	79.3	44.3	0.002
pStage: I/II/III/IV	1/3/4/1	142/334/239/99	0.866
Operate time (min)	263	313	0.269
Operate bleeding (mL)	642	745	0.803
Surgical margin: +/-	0/9	82/686	0.456
Blood transfusion: +/-	¾	109/429	0.156
Postoperative hospital stays (days)	10.0	15.8	0.335
Morbidity: +/-	0/9	106/449	0.349

Data are shown as n (%), n, or mean, unless otherwise indicated. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; AYA: Adolescent and young adult; BMI: Body mass index; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; LC: Liver cirrhosis; PIVKA-II: Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II; pStage: Pathological stage according to the Union for International Cancer Control (8^th edition).