Co-relation of SARS-CoV-2 related 30-d mortality with HRCT score and RT-PCR Ct value-based viral load in patients with solid malignancy

Table 1 Patient demographic, clinical, baseline laboratory parameter and tumour characteristics, n (%)

Characteristics	Analysable population (n = 123)
Age, yr
Median	59
Range	19-82
< 65	91 (74)
65-74	25 (20.3)
≥ 75	7 (5.7)
Sex
Male	59 (48)
Female	64 (52)
Smoking status
Never smoked	69 (58.9)
Smoker (former/current)	31 (26.3)
Unknown	18 (15.2)
Obesity status
Not specified	106 (86.2)
Obese	13 (10.4)
Data missing	4 (3.4)
Number of comorbidities
0	54 (43.9)
1	32 (26)
≥ 2	37 (30.1)
Type of malignancy
Thorax	10 (8.1)
GIT	9 (7.3)
HPB	40 (32.5)
GUT	49 (39.8)
Others	15 (12.2)
Cancer status
Remission or no evidence of disease	8 (6.5)
Present, stable, or responding to treatment	66 (53.7)
Present, progressive disease unknown	49 (39.8)
ECOG performance status
0 or 1	90 (73.2)
2	18 (14.6)
≥ 3	15 (12.2)
Type of anticancer therapy
None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis	14 (11.4)
Non-cytotoxic therapy targeted therapy/endocrine therapy	9 (7.3)
Immunotherapy	3 (2.4)
Cytotoxic systemic therapy	90 (73.2)
External beam radiotherapy	7 (5.7)
Recent surgery
None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis	113 (91.9)
Yes	10 (8.9)
Baseline laboratory parameters
C Reactive protein	44 (35.8)
D-Dimer	11 (8.9)
IL-6	5 (4.1)
RT-PCR test (viral load)
Mild (17-24)	49 (39.8)
Moderate (25-31)	30 (24.4)
High (> 31)	44 (35.8)
HRCT score
Mild	77 (62.6)
Moderate	38 (30.8)
Severe	8 (6.5)
Treatment of COVID-19
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) alone, azithromycin alone or with combination HCQ/azithromycin/ivermectin	22 (17.9)
+ Steroids	36 (293)
+ Remdesivir	29 (23.6)
+ Tocilizumab	3 (2.4)
+ Plasma therapy	11 (8.9)
Neither	22 (17.9)

GIT: Gastrointestinal tract; HPB: Hepatopancreatobiliary; GUT: Genitourinary tract; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

Table 2 Primary and Secondary outcomes by potential prognostic variables (n = 123), n (%)

	Admitted to ICU	Met composite endpoint	Required mechanical ventilation	Died
Total (n = 123)	20 (16.2)	30 (24.3)	10 (8.1)	18 (14.6)
Age, yr
< 65 (n = 91)	18 (19.7)	22 (22.2)	9 (9.9)	16 (17.6)
65-74 (n = 25)	1 (4)	5 (20)	1 (4)	1 (4)
≥ 75 (n = 7)	1 (14.3)	3 (42.8)	0	1 (14.3)
Sex
Male (n = 59)	6 (10.2)	11 (18.6)	3 (5)	5 (8.5)
Female (n = 64)	14 (21.8)	19 (29.7)	7 (10.9)	13 (20.3)
Number of comorbidities
0 (n = 54)	6 (11.1)	9 (16.7)	0	4 (7.4)
1 (n = 32)	5 (15.6)	11 (34.4)	4 (12.5)	5 (15.6)
≥ 2 (n = 37)	9 (24.3)	10 (27)	6 (16.2)	9 (24.3)
Type of malignancy
Thorax (n = 10)	1 (10)	2 (20)	1 (10)	1 (10)
GIT (n = 9)	5 (55.5)	6 (66.6)	3 (33.3)	4 (44.5)
HPB (n = 40)	8 (20)	14 (35)	4 (10)	7 (17.3)
GUT (n = 49)	5 (10)	7 (14.2)	2 (4)	5 (10)
Others (n = 15)	1 (6.7)	1 (6.7)	0	1 (6.7)
Cancer status
Remission or no evidence of disease (n = 8)	0	2 (25)	0	0
Present, stable, or responding to treatment (n = 66)	6 (9.9)	9 (13.6)	5 (7.6)	5 (7.6)
Present, progressive disease unknown (n = 49)	14 (28.6)	19 (38.7)	5 (10)	13 (26.5)
ECOG performance status
0 or 1 (n = 90)	0	10 (11.1)	0	0
2 (n = 18)	2 (11.1)	5 (27.7)	2 (11.1)	4 (22.2)
≥ 3 (n = 15)	15 (100)	15 (100)	8 (53.3)	14 (93.3)
Type of anticancer therapy
None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis (n = 14)	6 (42.5)	8 (57.1)	3 (21.4)	5 (35.7)
Non-cytotoxic therapy targeted therapy/endocrine therapy (n = 9)	2 (22.2)	5 (55.5)	1 (11.1)	2 (22.2)
Immunotherapy (n = 3)	0	0	0	0
Cytotoxic systemic therapy (n = 90)	11 (12.2)	16 (17.7)	6 (6.7)	10 (11.1)
External beam radiotherapy (n = 7)	1 (14.3)	1 (14.3)	0	1 (14.3)
Recent surgery
None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis (n = 113)	19 (16.8)	28 (24.8)	9 (8)	17 (15)
Yes (n = 10)	1 (10)	2 (20)	1 (10)	1 (10)
RT-PCR Test (viral load)
Mild (n = 49)	5 (10.2)	8 (16.3)	3 (6.1)	5 (10.2)
Moderate (n = 30)	5 (16.7)	9 (30)	4 (13.3)	5 (16.7)
High (n = 44)	10 (22.7)	13 (29.5)	3 (6.8)	8 (18.1)
HRCT Score
Mild (n = 77)	7 (9)	13 (16.9)	0	5 (6.5)
Moderate (n = 38)	7 (18.4)	11 (28.9)	4 (10.5)	7 (18.4)
Severe (n = 8)	6 (75)	6 (75)	6 (75)	6 (75)
Treatment of COVID-19
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) alone, azithromycin alone or with combination HCQ/azithromycin/ivermectin (n = 22)	1 (4.5)	3 (13.6)	0	1 (4.5)
+ Steroids (n = 36)	4 (11.1)	8 (22.2)	2 (5.6)	4 (11.1)
+ Remdesivir (n = 29)	8 (27.6)	11 (37.9)	4 (13.8)	7 (24.1)
+ Tocilizumab (n = 3)	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	0	1 (33.3)
+ Plasma therapy (n = 11)	6 (54.4)	7 (63.6)	4 (36.6)	4 (36.6)
Neither (n = 22)	0	0	0	0

GIT: Gastrointestinal tract; HPB: Hepatopancreatobiliary; GUT: Genitourinary tract; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ICU: Intensive care unit.

Table 3 Univariate regression models of potential variables associated with 30 d all-cause mortality (n = 123)

	Odds ratio	P value
Age, yr
< 65	1
65-74	0.48 (0.13-1.78)	0.2756
≥ 75	1.42 (0.26-7.88)	0.6883
Sex
Male	1
Female	1.22 (0.51-2.96)	0.6567
Smoking status
Never smoked	1
Smoker (former/current)	5.54 (2.05-14.99)	0.0008
Unknown	2.19 (0.39-12.21)	0.3711
Obesity status
Not specified	1
Obese	0.69 (0.14-3.32)	0.6414
Number of comorbidities
0	1
1	2.67 (0.83-8.56)	0.0993
≥ 2	3.38 (1.12-10.20)	0.0303
Type of malignancy
Thorax	1
GIT	2.57 (0.19-34.48)	0.4758
HPB	4.5 (0.51-39.44)	0.1744
GUT	1.5 (0.16-13.75)	0.7198
Others	1.38 (0.11-17.67)	0.8022
Cancer status
Remission or no evidence of disease	1
Present, stable, or responding to treatment	1.02 (0.16-6.43)	0.9832
Present, progressive disease unknown	25.5 (5.14-126.59)	0.0001
Type of anticancer therapy
None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis	1
Non-cytotoxic therapy targeted therapy/endocrine therapy	0.13 (0.01-1.28)	0.08
Immunotherapy	0	0.9981
Cytotoxic systemic therapy	0.19 (0.06-0.63)	0.0067
External beam radiotherapy	0.2 (0.02-2.18)	0.1867
Recent surgery
None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis	1
Yes	0.41 (0.05-3.38)	0.4053
Baseline laboratory parameters
C reactive protein	1
D-dimer	4.44 (1.76-11.23)	0.0016
IL-6	18.48 (1.96-173.82)	0.0108
HRCT score
Mild	1
Moderate	3.44 (1.3-9.12)	0.0132
Severe	7.44 (1.58-35.1)	0.0112
RT-PCR Test (viral load)
Mild (49)	1
Moderate (30)	1.28 (0.40-4.14)	0.6786
High (44)	1.71 (0.62-4.76)	0.3933
Treatment of COVID-19
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) alone, azithromycin alone or with combination HCQ/azithromycin/ivermectin	1
+ Steroids	3.91 (0.39-39.31)
+ Remdesivir	31.06 (3.79-255.41)	0.2470
+ Tocilizumab		0.0014
+ Plasma therapy	75.25 (7.30-775.28)	0.0003
Presentation
Asymptomatic	1
Symptomatic	11.1 (1.43-85.85)	0.0211
Managed at
Home-based care	1
Ward admission	121.6 (21.8-677.7)	< 0.0001
ICU admission	0.4 (0.04-3.57)	0.4119

GIT: Gastrointestinal tract; HPB: Hepatopancreatobiliary; GUT: Genitourinary tract; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ICU: Intensive care unit.