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©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Clin Oncol. May 24, 2022; 13(5): 339-351
Published online May 24, 2022. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i5.339
Published online May 24, 2022. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i5.339
Table 1 Patient demographic, clinical, baseline laboratory parameter and tumour characteristics, n (%)
| Characteristics | Analysable population (n = 123) |
| Age, yr | |
| Median | 59 |
| Range | 19-82 |
| < 65 | 91 (74) |
| 65-74 | 25 (20.3) |
| ≥ 75 | 7 (5.7) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 59 (48) |
| Female | 64 (52) |
| Smoking status | |
| Never smoked | 69 (58.9) |
| Smoker (former/current) | 31 (26.3) |
| Unknown | 18 (15.2) |
| Obesity status | |
| Not specified | 106 (86.2) |
| Obese | 13 (10.4) |
| Data missing | 4 (3.4) |
| Number of comorbidities | |
| 0 | 54 (43.9) |
| 1 | 32 (26) |
| ≥ 2 | 37 (30.1) |
| Type of malignancy | |
| Thorax | 10 (8.1) |
| GIT | 9 (7.3) |
| HPB | 40 (32.5) |
| GUT | 49 (39.8) |
| Others | 15 (12.2) |
| Cancer status | |
| Remission or no evidence of disease | 8 (6.5) |
| Present, stable, or responding to treatment | 66 (53.7) |
| Present, progressive disease unknown | 49 (39.8) |
| ECOG performance status | |
| 0 or 1 | 90 (73.2) |
| 2 | 18 (14.6) |
| ≥ 3 | 15 (12.2) |
| Type of anticancer therapy | |
| None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis | 14 (11.4) |
| Non-cytotoxic therapy targeted therapy/endocrine therapy | 9 (7.3) |
| Immunotherapy | 3 (2.4) |
| Cytotoxic systemic therapy | 90 (73.2) |
| External beam radiotherapy | 7 (5.7) |
| Recent surgery | |
| None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis | 113 (91.9) |
| Yes | 10 (8.9) |
| Baseline laboratory parameters | |
| C Reactive protein | 44 (35.8) |
| D-Dimer | 11 (8.9) |
| IL-6 | 5 (4.1) |
| RT-PCR test (viral load) | |
| Mild (17-24) | 49 (39.8) |
| Moderate (25-31) | 30 (24.4) |
| High (> 31) | 44 (35.8) |
| HRCT score | |
| Mild | 77 (62.6) |
| Moderate | 38 (30.8) |
| Severe | 8 (6.5) |
| Treatment of COVID-19 | |
| Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) alone, azithromycin alone or with combination HCQ/azithromycin/ivermectin | 22 (17.9) |
| + Steroids | 36 (293) |
| + Remdesivir | 29 (23.6) |
| + Tocilizumab | 3 (2.4) |
| + Plasma therapy | 11 (8.9) |
| Neither | 22 (17.9) |
Table 2 Primary and Secondary outcomes by potential prognostic variables (n = 123), n (%)
| Admitted to ICU | Met composite endpoint | Required mechanical ventilation | Died | |
| Total (n = 123) | 20 (16.2) | 30 (24.3) | 10 (8.1) | 18 (14.6) |
| Age, yr | ||||
| < 65 (n = 91) | 18 (19.7) | 22 (22.2) | 9 (9.9) | 16 (17.6) |
| 65-74 (n = 25) | 1 (4) | 5 (20) | 1 (4) | 1 (4) |
| ≥ 75 (n = 7) | 1 (14.3) | 3 (42.8) | 0 | 1 (14.3) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male (n = 59) | 6 (10.2) | 11 (18.6) | 3 (5) | 5 (8.5) |
| Female (n = 64) | 14 (21.8) | 19 (29.7) | 7 (10.9) | 13 (20.3) |
| Number of comorbidities | ||||
| 0 (n = 54) | 6 (11.1) | 9 (16.7) | 0 | 4 (7.4) |
| 1 (n = 32) | 5 (15.6) | 11 (34.4) | 4 (12.5) | 5 (15.6) |
| ≥ 2 (n = 37) | 9 (24.3) | 10 (27) | 6 (16.2) | 9 (24.3) |
| Type of malignancy | ||||
| Thorax (n = 10) | 1 (10) | 2 (20) | 1 (10) | 1 (10) |
| GIT (n = 9) | 5 (55.5) | 6 (66.6) | 3 (33.3) | 4 (44.5) |
| HPB (n = 40) | 8 (20) | 14 (35) | 4 (10) | 7 (17.3) |
| GUT (n = 49) | 5 (10) | 7 (14.2) | 2 (4) | 5 (10) |
| Others (n = 15) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (6.7) | 0 | 1 (6.7) |
| Cancer status | ||||
| Remission or no evidence of disease (n = 8) | 0 | 2 (25) | 0 | 0 |
| Present, stable, or responding to treatment (n = 66) | 6 (9.9) | 9 (13.6) | 5 (7.6) | 5 (7.6) |
| Present, progressive disease unknown (n = 49) | 14 (28.6) | 19 (38.7) | 5 (10) | 13 (26.5) |
| ECOG performance status | ||||
| 0 or 1 (n = 90) | 0 | 10 (11.1) | 0 | 0 |
| 2 (n = 18) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (27.7) | 2 (11.1) | 4 (22.2) |
| ≥ 3 (n = 15) | 15 (100) | 15 (100) | 8 (53.3) | 14 (93.3) |
| Type of anticancer therapy | ||||
| None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis (n = 14) | 6 (42.5) | 8 (57.1) | 3 (21.4) | 5 (35.7) |
| Non-cytotoxic therapy targeted therapy/endocrine therapy (n = 9) | 2 (22.2) | 5 (55.5) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (22.2) |
| Immunotherapy (n = 3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cytotoxic systemic therapy (n = 90) | 11 (12.2) | 16 (17.7) | 6 (6.7) | 10 (11.1) |
| External beam radiotherapy (n = 7) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (14.3) | 0 | 1 (14.3) |
| Recent surgery | ||||
| None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis (n = 113) | 19 (16.8) | 28 (24.8) | 9 (8) | 17 (15) |
| Yes (n = 10) | 1 (10) | 2 (20) | 1 (10) | 1 (10) |
| RT-PCR Test (viral load) | ||||
| Mild (n = 49) | 5 (10.2) | 8 (16.3) | 3 (6.1) | 5 (10.2) |
| Moderate (n = 30) | 5 (16.7) | 9 (30) | 4 (13.3) | 5 (16.7) |
| High (n = 44) | 10 (22.7) | 13 (29.5) | 3 (6.8) | 8 (18.1) |
| HRCT Score | ||||
| Mild (n = 77) | 7 (9) | 13 (16.9) | 0 | 5 (6.5) |
| Moderate (n = 38) | 7 (18.4) | 11 (28.9) | 4 (10.5) | 7 (18.4) |
| Severe (n = 8) | 6 (75) | 6 (75) | 6 (75) | 6 (75) |
| Treatment of COVID-19 | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) alone, azithromycin alone or with combination HCQ/azithromycin/ivermectin (n = 22) | 1 (4.5) | 3 (13.6) | 0 | 1 (4.5) |
| + Steroids (n = 36) | 4 (11.1) | 8 (22.2) | 2 (5.6) | 4 (11.1) |
| + Remdesivir (n = 29) | 8 (27.6) | 11 (37.9) | 4 (13.8) | 7 (24.1) |
| + Tocilizumab (n = 3) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 0 | 1 (33.3) |
| + Plasma therapy (n = 11) | 6 (54.4) | 7 (63.6) | 4 (36.6) | 4 (36.6) |
| Neither (n = 22) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Table 3 Univariate regression models of potential variables associated with 30 d all-cause mortality (n = 123)
| Odds ratio | P value | |
| Age, yr | ||
| < 65 | 1 | |
| 65-74 | 0.48 (0.13-1.78) | 0.2756 |
| ≥ 75 | 1.42 (0.26-7.88) | 0.6883 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1 | |
| Female | 1.22 (0.51-2.96) | 0.6567 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smoked | 1 | |
| Smoker (former/current) | 5.54 (2.05-14.99) | 0.0008 |
| Unknown | 2.19 (0.39-12.21) | 0.3711 |
| Obesity status | ||
| Not specified | 1 | |
| Obese | 0.69 (0.14-3.32) | 0.6414 |
| Number of comorbidities | ||
| 0 | 1 | |
| 1 | 2.67 (0.83-8.56) | 0.0993 |
| ≥ 2 | 3.38 (1.12-10.20) | 0.0303 |
| Type of malignancy | ||
| Thorax | 1 | |
| GIT | 2.57 (0.19-34.48) | 0.4758 |
| HPB | 4.5 (0.51-39.44) | 0.1744 |
| GUT | 1.5 (0.16-13.75) | 0.7198 |
| Others | 1.38 (0.11-17.67) | 0.8022 |
| Cancer status | ||
| Remission or no evidence of disease | 1 | |
| Present, stable, or responding to treatment | 1.02 (0.16-6.43) | 0.9832 |
| Present, progressive disease unknown | 25.5 (5.14-126.59) | 0.0001 |
| Type of anticancer therapy | ||
| None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis | 1 | |
| Non-cytotoxic therapy targeted therapy/endocrine therapy | 0.13 (0.01-1.28) | 0.08 |
| Immunotherapy | 0 | 0.9981 |
| Cytotoxic systemic therapy | 0.19 (0.06-0.63) | 0.0067 |
| External beam radiotherapy | 0.2 (0.02-2.18) | 0.1867 |
| Recent surgery | ||
| None in the 4 wk before COVID-19 diagnosis | 1 | |
| Yes | 0.41 (0.05-3.38) | 0.4053 |
| Baseline laboratory parameters | ||
| C reactive protein | 1 | |
| D-dimer | 4.44 (1.76-11.23) | 0.0016 |
| IL-6 | 18.48 (1.96-173.82) | 0.0108 |
| HRCT score | ||
| Mild | 1 | |
| Moderate | 3.44 (1.3-9.12) | 0.0132 |
| Severe | 7.44 (1.58-35.1) | 0.0112 |
| RT-PCR Test (viral load) | ||
| Mild (49) | 1 | |
| Moderate (30) | 1.28 (0.40-4.14) | 0.6786 |
| High (44) | 1.71 (0.62-4.76) | 0.3933 |
| Treatment of COVID-19 | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) alone, azithromycin alone or with combination HCQ/azithromycin/ivermectin | 1 | |
| + Steroids | 3.91 (0.39-39.31) | |
| + Remdesivir | 31.06 (3.79-255.41) | 0.2470 |
| + Tocilizumab | 0.0014 | |
| + Plasma therapy | 75.25 (7.30-775.28) | 0.0003 |
| Presentation | ||
| Asymptomatic | 1 | |
| Symptomatic | 11.1 (1.43-85.85) | 0.0211 |
| Managed at | ||
| Home-based care | 1 | |
| Ward admission | 121.6 (21.8-677.7) | < 0.0001 |
| ICU admission | 0.4 (0.04-3.57) | 0.4119 |
- Citation: Narayan S, Talwar V, Goel V, Chaudhary K, Sharma A, Redhu P, Soni S, Jain A. Co-relation of SARS-CoV-2 related 30-d mortality with HRCT score and RT-PCR Ct value-based viral load in patients with solid malignancy. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13(5): 339-351
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v13/i5/339.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v13.i5.339