Role of tumor markers and cytokines in the pathogenesis of lung cancer

doi:10.5306/wjco.121169

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Clin Oncol. Jun 24, 2026; 17(6): 121169
Published online Jun 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.121169

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Figure 1 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor causes pathogenesis in lung cancer. GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

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Figure 2 Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 causes pathogenesis in lung cancer. MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.

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Figure 3 Cytokeratin 19, carcinoembryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma and neuron-specific enolase cause pathogenesis in lung cancer. CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; NSE: Neuron-specific enolase.

Citation: Tariq M, Sattar A, Khalid A, Azam M, Mehmood M, Hafeez R, Rafaqat S. Role of tumor markers and cytokines in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(6): 121169
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v17/i6/121169.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.121169

Tariq M, Sattar A, Khalid A, Azam M, Mehmood M, Hafeez R, Rafaqat S. Role of tumor markers and cytokines in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2026; 17(6): 121169 [DOI: 10.5306/wjco.121169]

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