Adjuvant role of traditional Chinese medicine in postoperative gastric cancer

Figure 1 Postoperative treatment for gastric cancer and the potential role of traditional Chinese medicine. TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine.

Figure 2 Bioactive compounds identified from representative traditional Chinese medicine herbs and formulas, with their potential targets and pharmacological effects. VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; CEBPB: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta; RELA: V-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; JAK2: Janus kinase 2; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; BAX: Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; mTORc2: Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2; RAS: Rat sarcoma; PIK3: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; AKT: Protein kinase B; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; GSK3β: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; TGFβR: Transforming growth factor beta receptor; TAK1: Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1; IKK: IκB kinase; P38 MAPK: P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.