Published online May 10, 2014. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i2.39
Revised: March 5, 2014
Accepted: April 17, 2014
Published online: May 10, 2014
Processing time: 132 Days and 7.7 Hours
Core tip: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-death worldwide. Majority of these patients have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Traditional chemotherapy is limited by its high toxicity. Emerging data have demonstrated promising outcome of immunotherapy in NSCLC. This review delineated the rationale and potential targets of cancer immunotherapy, with a summary of immunotherapeutic agents for treatment of NSCLC. Protein/peptide-based and cell-based vaccines, as well as immune checkpoint targeted agents such as Ipilimumab and PD-1 pathway inhibitors were discussed. In addition, we reviewed ongoing immunotherapy-based studies including several major phase II/III clinical trials, results of which will be available soon for incorporation into clinical practice.