Immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of shilajit and glycine: Natural metabolic modulators targeting breast and liver cancer

doi:10.5306/wjco.v17.i5.119163

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Clin Oncol. May 24, 2026; 17(5): 119163
Published online May 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i5.119163

Immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of shilajit and glycine: Natural metabolic modulators targeting breast and liver cancer

Tasneem A Basbrain, Nidal M Zabermawi, Jehan S Alrahimi, Kawther A Zaher

Tasneem A Basbrain, Nidal M Zabermawi, Jehan S Alrahimi, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Kawther A Zaher, Department of Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center; and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Author contributions: Zaher KA and Basbrain TA conceptualized and designed the study, created the artwork, analyzed the data, and drafted the original manuscript; Zaher KA, Zabermawi NM, and Alrahimi JS supervised and made critical revisions, interpretation of data, and conducted the literature review; all authors prepared the draft and approved the submitted version.

AI contribution statement: AI language editing tools are only used for language polishing, grammar improvement, readability enhancement, and writing assistance during manuscript preparation and revision processes. The entire scientific content, knowledge framework, literature explanations, and conclusions are prepared, critically reviewed, revised, and approved by the authors. There is no part of the manuscript generated by artificial intelligence that can replace the author's scientific contribution. Artificial intelligence tools have not been used for research design, data analysis, result interpretation, or graphic/image generation.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Corresponding author: Kawther A Zaher, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center; and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Gamaa Road, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. kzaher@kau.edu.sa

Received: January 20, 2026
Revised: February 6, 2026
Accepted: March 13, 2026
Published online: May 24, 2026
Processing time: 120 Days and 13.2 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Shilajit and glycine are low-cost natural agents with convergent immunometabolic activity relevant to breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. This minireview summarizes how shilajit fractions and glycine-dependent redox and one-carbon pathways may modulate oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and immune-cell polarization within the tumor microenvironment. We highlight practical translational priorities, including extract standardization, pharmacokinetic constraints, biomarker-guided patient stratification, and rational combinations with established anticancer therapies.