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World J Clin Oncol. Mar 24, 2026; 17(3): 113326
Published online Mar 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i3.113326
Published online Mar 24, 2026. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v17.i3.113326
Endothelial metabolic reprogramming influences tumor immune microenvironment
Ming Chen, Zhi-Gang Chen, Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
Ming Chen, Zhi-Gang Chen, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
Ming Chen, Zhi-Gang Chen, Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
Author contributions: Chen M and Chen ZG contributed to the conceptualization and writing-reviewing and editing; Chen M contributed to writing-original draft.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81972598 and No. 82273337; and National Key R&D Program, No. 2022YFA1105201.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Corresponding author: Zhi-Gang Chen, MD, PhD, Chief, Professor, Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.
Received: August 22, 2025
Revised: September 25, 2025
Accepted: January 23, 2026
Published online: March 24, 2026
Processing time: 213 Days and 16.3 Hours
Revised: September 25, 2025
Accepted: January 23, 2026
Published online: March 24, 2026
Processing time: 213 Days and 16.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: In recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a critical target in cancer research due to its role in regulating tumor growth, metastasis and treatment response. Immune cells are core components of the TME, and the effects of tumor cell metabolic reprogramming on immune cells are well understood. However, research on the impact of metabolic reprogramming of tumor endothelial cells on the tumor immune microenvironment is limited. This review summarizes metabolic changes in endothelial cells within the TME and their effects on the tumor immune microenvironment. It also suggests combining anti-angiogenic therapy that targets endothelial metabolism with immunotherapy as a future treatment option.