Key players in the breast cancer microenvironment: From fibroblasts to immune cells

doi:10.5306/wjco.v16.i7.107339

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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2218-4333

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World J Clin Oncol. Jul 24, 2025; 16(7): 107339
Published online Jul 24, 2025. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v16.i7.107339

Key players in the breast cancer microenvironment: From fibroblasts to immune cells

Sacide Çakal, Buket Er Urgancı, Selda Şimşek

Sacide Çakal, Buket Er Urgancı, Selda Şimşek, Department of Medical Biology, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Denizli 20070, Türkiye

Author contributions: Çakal S performed the majority of the writing; Urgancı BE and Şimşek S prepared and designed the outline and coordinated the writing of the paper.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Sacide Çakal, MSc, Department of Medical Biology, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Morphology Building, Floor:3, Denizli, 20070 Türkiye. scakal21@posta.pau.edu.tr

Received: April 1, 2025
Revised: April 21, 2025
Accepted: June 3, 2025
Published online: July 24, 2025
Processing time: 115 Days and 20.2 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: The tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer is a complex and dynamic ecosystem consisting of immune cells, stromal components, and the extracellular matrix. This review investigates how key players in the TME, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and macrophages, contribute to tumor progression, immune modulation, and metastasis. Understanding these interactions sheds light on the mechanisms driving breast cancer heterogeneity and disease progression.