Published online Jun 10, 2015. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v6.i3.22
Peer-review started: February 26, 2015
First decision: April 10, 2015
Revised: April 24, 2015
Accepted: May 7, 2015
Article in press: May 8, 2015
Published online: June 10, 2015
Processing time: 111 Days and 10.5 Hours
Minimally invasive rectal resection remains a challenging procedure, even in experienced hands. Technical limitations explain at least in part the reasons of a relatively poor adoption of laparoscopy for rectal resection, in particular for low tumors in a deep and narrow pelvis. Robotics is intended to overcome these limitations. Potentially better short-term outcomes have been published: reduced conversion rates, better functional outcomes, shorter learning curve, reduction of positive margins, better specimen… However, robotic surgery has not yet taken over as the gold standard approach for low anterior resection. Several drawbacks might indeed discourage the most fervent surgeon: the size of the robot, the lack of tactile feedback, the risk and difficulties during multiquadrant surgery, and, of course, costs. Whilst new systems might overcome most of these drawbacks, it seems obvious that the development of robotic surgery is underway. Robotics is not just another interesting technical tool, but more a new concept, which should play a role in the future.
Core tip: The current evidences of robotic rectal resection are presented, as its potential limitations. While several better short-term outcomes have been reported (notably reduced conversion rates, better functional outcomes, shorter learning curve, reduction of positive margins, and better specimen), robotics has not yet taken over as the gold standard for low anterior resection. The reasons for this are analyzed, as the future developments in the robotic rectal field.