Pyroptosis: A promising biomarker for predicting colorectal cancer prognosis and enhancing immunotherapy efficacy

Abstract

In this editorial, we comment on the article by Zhu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology. We focus specifically on the characteristics and mechanisms of pyroptosis and the impact of changes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) on cancer prognosis. Pyroptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death; its occurrence can change the TIME and regulate the growth and spread of tumors and therefore is significantly correlated with cancer prognosis. Previous research has demonstrated that pyroptosis-related genes can be used in prognostic models for various types of cancer. These models enhance the mechanistic understanding of tumor evolution and serve as valuable guides for clinical treatment decision-making. Nevertheless, further studies are required to thoroughly understand the function of pyroptosis within the TIME and to assess its mode of action. Such studies should reveal new tumor therapeutic targets and more successful tumor immunotherapy strategies.

Keywords: Pyroptosis; Colorectal cancer liver metastases; Organoid model; Immunotherapy; Prognostic biomarker

Core Tip: Pyroptosis plays a vital role in tumor immunotherapy by triggering robust inflammatory responses and significantly inhibiting tumors. Pyroptosis results in the release of copious amounts of inflammatory cytokines and tumor-associated antigens that stimulate antigen-presenting cells, thereby initiating adaptive immune responses. Therefore, inducing pyroptosis is a promising novel immunotherapy approach for tumors.