Circulating tumor DNA: Where are we now? A mini review of the literature

doi:10.5306/wjco.v11.i9.723

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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World J Clin Oncol. Sep 24, 2020; 11(9): 723-731
Published online Sep 24, 2020. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i9.723

Circulating tumor DNA: Where are we now? A mini review of the literature

Gliceida Maria Galarza Fortuna, Kathrin Dvir

Gliceida Maria Galarza Fortuna, Kathrin Dvir, Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States

Author contributions: Galarza Fortuna GM and Dvir K were in charge of conceptualization, data curation, methodology, project administration, and writing the original draft and the definite version of the manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: Galarza Fortuna GM and Dvir K have no conflict of interest to disclose.

Corresponding author: Gliceida Maria Galarza Fortuna, MD, Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States. gliceida.galarza@gmail.com

Received: April 29, 2020
Peer-review started: April 29, 2020
First decision: July 25, 2020
Revised: July 31, 2020
Accepted: September 2, 2020
Article in press: September 2, 2020
Published online: September 24, 2020
Processing time: 142 Days and 12.1 Hours

Abstract

For many years tissue biopsy has been the primary procedure to establish cancer diagnosis and determine further treatment and prognosis. However, this method has multiple drawbacks, including, to mention some, being an invasive procedure carrying significant risk for fragile patients and allowing only for a “snapshot” of the tumor biology in time. The process of liquid biopsy allows for a minimally invasive procedure that provides molecular information about underlying cancer by analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) via next-generation sequencing technology and circulating tumor cells. This paper focuses on describing the basis of ctDNA and its current utilities.

Keywords: Circulating tumor DNA; Liquid biopsy; Molecular profiling; Cancer diagnosis; Cancer screening; Cancer treatment

Core Tip: This report provides an updated review of the clinical utilities of liquid biopsy for the screening, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer.