Mechanism of Xiaozhiling injection in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids based on changes in perianal blood flow and rectal submucosal fibers

Table 1 Symptoms and signs of rats treated with Xiaozhiling for different periods after internal haemorrhoids establishment

Group	Injection site mucosa	Haematochezia	Perianal oedema	Perianal ulcer
(A)	Hyperaemia	Yes	Yes	No
(B)	Bleached bulge	Little	Obvious	No
(C)	Some necrotic tissue	Obvious	Obvious	Some ulcer spots
(D)	Obvious necrotic tissue	Obvious	Reduced	Partially ulcerated surface
(E)	Reduced necrotic tissue	Little	No	Reduced surface ulceration
(F)	Normal	No	No	No
(G)	Normal	No	No	No

A: Model; B: 8 hours after drug injection; C: 3 days after drug injection; D: 1 week after drug injection; E: 2 weeks after drug injection; F: 1 month after drug injection; G: 4 months after drug injection.

Table 2 Rectal submucosal thickness (μm) at different periods after Xiaozhilin injection in rats with internal haemorrhoids

Group	A (1)	B (2)	C (3)	D (4)	E (5)	F (6)	G (7)
Submucosal thickness	132.02 ± 3.2211	378.111 ± 39.9672	401.056 ± 40.0113	440.631 ± 47.4143	352.146 ± 39.9873	219.707 ± 32.484	194.825 ± 37.0134
F	62.381
P value	0.001
LSD	(1) < (2), (1) < (3), (1) < (4), (1) < (5), (1) < (6), (1) < (7), (2) < (4), (2) > (6), (2) > (7), (3) > (5), (3) > (6), (3) > (7), (4) > (5), (4) > (6), (4) > (7), (5) > (6), (5) > (7)

¹Group A shows significant differences from the other groups.

²Group B showed no significant differences from group C and group E, respectively.

³There was no significant difference between Group C and Group D.

⁴There was no significant difference between groups F and G.

A: Model; B: 8 hours after drug injection; C: 3 days after drug injection; D: 1 week after drug injection; E: 2 weeks after drug injection; F: 1 month after drug injection; G: 4 months after drug injection; LSD: Least significant difference.