Mechanism of Xiaozhiling injection in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids based on changes in perianal blood flow and rectal submucosal fibers

Figure 1 Appearance of the rat anus. A: Model; B: 8 hours after drug injection; C: 3 days after drug injection; D: 1 week after drug injection; E: 2 weeks after drug injection; F: 1 month after drug injection; G: 4 months after drug injection.

Figure 2 Laser speckle blood flow imaging. A: Model; B: 8 hours after drug injection; C: 3 days after drug injection; D: 1 week after drug injection; E: 2 weeks after drug injection; F: 1 month after drug injection; G: 4 months after drug injection.

Figure 3 Hematoxylin and eosin (100 ×). A: Model; B: 8 hours after drug injection; C: 3 days after drug injection; D: 1 week after drug injection; E: 2 weeks after drug injection; F: 1 month after drug injection; G: 4 months after drug injection.

Figure 4 Masson (100 ×). A: Model; B: 8 hours after drug injection; C: 3 days after drug injection; D: 1 week after drug injection; E: 2 weeks after drug injection; F: 1 month after drug injection; G: 4 months after drug injection.

Figure 5 Myeloperoxidase (400 ×). A: Model; B: 8 hours after drug injection; C: 3 days after drug injection; D: 1 week after drug injection; E: 2 weeks after drug injection; F: 1 month after drug injection; G: 4 months after drug injection.

Figure 6 CD61 (400 ×). A: Model; B: 8 hours after drug injection; C: 3 days after drug injection; D: 1 week after drug injection; E: 2 weeks after drug injection; F: 1 month after drug injection; G: 4 months after drug injection.

Figure 7 Martius-scarlet-blue (400 ×). A: Model; B: 8 hours after drug injection; C: 3 days after drug injection; D: 1 week after drug injection; E: 2 weeks after drug injection; F: 1 month after drug injection; G: 4 months after drug injection.

Figure 8 CD42b (400 ×). A: Model; B: 8 hours after drug injection; C: 3 days after drug injection; D: 1 week after drug injection; E: 2 weeks after drug injection; F: 1 month after drug injection; G: 4 months after drug injection.

Figure 9 Differences in changes in rectal submucosal thickness at different periods after Xiaozhiling injection into rats with internal haemorrhoids. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the thickness of the rectal submucosa among each group. If the overall difference was significant (P < 0.05), pairwise comparisons were further conducted using the least significant difference method. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, and the significance level is set to 0.05. ^aP < 0.05. A: Model; B: 8 hours after drug injection; C: 3 days after drug injection; D: 1 week after drug injection; E: 2 weeks after drug injection; F: 1 month after drug injection; G: 4 months after drug injection.