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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Dec 22, 2025; 16(4): 113488
Published online Dec 22, 2025. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.113488
Published online Dec 22, 2025. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.113488
Role of gut microbiomes in different ocular pathologies: A systematic review
Priyanka Priyanka, Bhavana Sharma, Brindha Periasamy, Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462020, Madhya Pradesh, India
Srishti Khullar, Department of Ophthalmology, Military Hospital, Agra 282001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Mamta Singh, Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Rajkot 360110, Gujarāt, India
Arvind Kumar Morya, Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India
Bruttendu Moharana, Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar 751019, Odisha, India
Rannusha Morya, Department of Psychology, Manipal University, Jaipur 303007, Rājasthān, India
Co-first authors: Priyanka Priyanka and Srishti Khullar.
Author contributions: Sharma B and Morya AK conceptualized and prospectively registered this systematic review at Prospero; Maharana B and Morya R did the literature search; Priyanka P, Khullar S, Singh M, Morya AK, and Periasamy B wrote the manuscript; Sharma B and Morya AK revised the manuscript and submitted it.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Arvind Kumar Morya, MD, Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibi Nagar, Hyderabad 508126, Telangana, India. bulbul.morya@gmail.com
Received: August 27, 2025
Revised: September 21, 2025
Accepted: December 2, 2025
Published online: December 22, 2025
Processing time: 117 Days and 17.4 Hours
Revised: September 21, 2025
Accepted: December 2, 2025
Published online: December 22, 2025
Processing time: 117 Days and 17.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: The gut microbiome significantly influences ocular health through immune modulation, metabolic interactions, and maintenance of physiological barriers. Dysbiosis is linked to the onset and progression of major eye diseases such as uveitis, macular degeneration, dry eye, and glaucoma. Therapeutic interventions—including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation—show promising results in preclinical and preliminary human studies, although further large-scale clinical trials are warranted to confirm their efficacy and safety in the context of ocular disease management.