Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Radiol. Mar 28, 2026; 18(3): 117162
Published online Mar 28, 2026. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v18.i3.117162
Published online Mar 28, 2026. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v18.i3.117162
Table 1 Demographic, and clinical profiles of study participants, n (%)/median (interquartile range)
| Baseline (total subjects, n = 41) | BMI < 30 (n = 26) | BMI ≥ 30 (n = 15) | P value |
| Male | 16 (62) | 9 (60) | 0.9 |
| Age (years) | 39.8 (24-72) | 40.2 (37-61) | 0.4 |
| Weight (lbs) | 166 (115-215) | 215 (175-246) | < 0.01 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 89 (78-127) | 104 (78-180) | 0.01 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 3 (11) | 9 (60) | 0.001 |
| FibroScan LSM (kPa) | 5.4 (2.9-10.9) | 6.7 (3.9-15) | 0.05 |
| Stage 3 or 4 fibrosis | 2 (8) | 2 (14) | 0.6 |
| FibroScan CAP (dB/m) | 262 (100-337) | 307 (203-399) | 0.004 |
| Steatosis (%) | 30 | 66 | 0.02 |
Table 2 Pre-Ramadan and post-Ramadan metabolic profiles and FibroScan values, median (interquartile range)
| Pre-Ramadan (n = 41) | Post-Ramadan (n = 41) | P value | |
| Weight (lbs) | 184 (115-246) | 180 (108-241) | < 0.0001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 28.5 (20-43.6) | 27.8 (21-42.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 124 (96-152) | 121.8 (100-146) | 0.0006 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 82 (64-106) | 80.6 (59-100) | 0.09 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol) | 199 (110-292) | 197 (126-335) | 0.2 |
| Triglycerides (mmol) | 159 (49-341) | 154.8 (36-431) | 0.07 |
| HDL (mmol) | 45.8 (22-95) | 45 (26-84) | 0.05 |
| LDL (mmol) | 125 (47-224) | 123.9 (64-259) | 0.2 |
| Alkaline phosphatase unit | 82 (48-130) | 78.6 (45-136) | 0.01 |
| AST (IU/L) | 22.8 (12-43) | 21.9 (12-46) | 0.1 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 26.7 (12-69) | 26.8 (6-80) | 0.4 |
| GGT unit | 24.8 (10-88) | 24 (8-117) | 0.3 |
| Fasting glucose | 94.6 (78-180) | 93.5 (66-224) | 0.2 |
| FibroScan LSM (kPa) | 5.9 (2.9-15) | 5 (2-18) | < 0.0001 |
| FibroScan CAP (dB/m) | 278.6 (100-399) | 264.4 (100-387) | < 0.0001 |
Table 3 Pre-Ramadan and post-Ramadan profiles associated with baseline body mass index, median (interquartile range)
| Parameter | BMI < 30 | BMI ≥ 30 | ||||
| Pre-Ramadhan (n = 26) | Post-Ramadhan (n = 26) | P value | Pre-Ramadhan (n = 15) | Post-Ramadhan (n = 15) | P value | |
| Weight (lbs) | 166 (115-215) | 163 (108-203) | 0.0002 | 214.5 (175-246) | 209.6 (170-241) | < 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25 (20-29) | 24.6 (21-29.4) | < 0.001 | 34 (30-43) | 33 (28-42) | < 0.01 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 123.8 (96-146) | 120 (100-140) | < 0.001 | 125 (98-152) | 124 (100-146) | 0.36 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 82 (80-100) | 79.8 (59-95) | 0.003 | 85 (64-106) | 82 (70-100) | 0.007 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol) | 201.5 (119-292) | 199.6 (126-335) | 0.3 | 194.8 (110-260) | 193 (139-240) | 0.3 |
| Triglycerides (mmol) | 141.7 (49-338) | 135 (36-431) | 0.1 | 190 (87-341) | 188.7 (90-380) | 0.34 |
| HDL (mmol) | 48 (33-95) | 47 (34-84) | 0.02 | 41 (22-69) | 41.6 (26-69) | 0.3 |
| LDL (mmol) | 127 (47-224) | 127 (64-259) | 0.4 | 121.8 (61-174) | 118 (75-157) | 0.02 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 76.8 (48-109) | 72 (37-118) | < 0.01 | 92 (56-130) | 89.8 (50-136) | 0.02 |
| AST (IU/L) | 21.7 (14-39) | 21 (12-40) | 0.09 | 24.7 (12-43) | 22.9 (12-46) | 0.006 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 25.9 (12-55) | 26 (6-80) | 0.4 | 28 (13-69) | 28 (11-67) | 0.4 |
| GGT | 26.7 (10-88) | 26 (8-117) | 0.4 | 21.5 (11-38) | 21 (11-42) | 0.29 |
| Fasting glucose | 89 (78-127) | 89 (66-116) | 0.5 | 104 (78-180) | 101 (80-224) | 0.24 |
| FibroScan LSM (kPa) | 5.4 (2.9-10.9) | 4.4 (2.4-11.2) | < 0.001 | 6.7 (3.9-15) | 6 (2.1-18) | 0.06 |
| FibroScan CAP | 262 (100-337) | 254.6 (170-369) | 0.04 | 307 (203-399) | 281 (100-387) | 0.01 |
- Citation: Jamil J, Ali S, Ahmad A, Al-Zakwani M, Gul A, Shah PA, Haq S, Lawitz E. Metabolic profiles and hepatic steatosis assessed by controlled attenuation parameter and elastography during Ramadan fasting in San Antonio, United States. World J Radiol 2026; 18(3): 117162
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8470/full/v18/i3/117162.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v18.i3.117162