Functional connectivity alterations in patients with poststroke cognitive impairment: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Table 1 The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants in this study

Clinical characteristics	PSCI	HC	χ2/t/Z	P value
Sex (males/females)	12/9	4/8	1.733	0.188
Age (years)	60.2 ± 9.2	56.8 ± 5.0	1.393	0.174
Education level (years)	6.0 (6.0, 9.0)	6.0 (6.0, 9.0)	-0.514	0.645
Lesion laterality (left/right)	9/12	-	-	-
Onset time (days)	3.0 (2.3, 4.0)	-	-	-
Lesion volume (mm3)	1528.1 (630.5, 3055.3)	-	-	-
Hypertension (yes/no)	13/8	-	-	-
Diabetes (yes/no)	4/17	-	-	-
Smoking history (yes/no)	9/12	-	-	-
Alcoholism history (yes/no)	4/17	-	-	-

PSCI: Poststroke cognitive impairment; HC: Healthy control.

Table 2 Functional connectivity analysis results between seeds and whole-brain voxels in the poststroke cognitive impairment group and the control group

Seeds	Direction	Brain region	Coordinates of MNI peak			t value	Cluster size
			X	Y	Z
Brain region identified in the regional homogeneity analysis	PSCI group > control group	Cerebelum_9_R (aal)	15	-51	-45	5.4862	644
Left basal ganglia	PSCI group > control group	Occipital_Mid_L (aal)	-33	-72	27	4.4355	154
Left thalamus	PSCI group > control group	Fusiform_R (aal)	33	-60	-9	5.7931	221

MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute; PSCI: Poststroke cognitive impairment.

Table 3 Comparison of functional connectivity between the poststroke cognitive impairment group and the control group

Inter-regional FC	PSCI group	Control group	t value	P value
Cerebelum_4_5_R and Cerebelum_6_R	1.06 ± 0.26	0.58 ± 0.22	4.5326	0.0001
Cerebelum_4_5_R and Cerebelum_8_R	0.68 ± 0.25	0.29 ± 0.24	4.0434	0.0004
Amygdala_L and Cerebelum_9_L	0.37 ± 0.21	0.06 ± 0.26	3.8097	0.0007
Cerebelum_4_5_L and Cerebelum_9_L	0.65 ± 0.20	0.24 ± 0.25	4.1890	0.0002
Cerebelum_4_5_R and Cerebelum_9_L	0.65 ± 0.17	0.19 ± 0.26	4.7038	0.0001
Cerebelum_6_R and Cerebelum_9_L	0.73 ± 0.32	0.33 ± 0.23	3.6753	0.0010
Cerebelum_4_5_L and Cerebelum_9_R	0.61 ± 0.25	0.20 ± 0.28	3.8625	0.0006
Cerebelum_4_5_R and Cerebelum_9_R	0.68 ± 0.21	0.20 ± 0.30	4.0530	0.0003
Fusiform_R and Vermis_3	0.44 ± 0.26	0.17 ± 0.15	3.8251	0.0006
Cerebelum_4_5_R and Vermis_3	0.71 ± 0.23	0.35 ± 0.25	3.8691	0.0006
Cerebelum_6_R and Vermis_3	0.62 ± 0.28	0.24 ± 0.17	3.9236	0.0005
Cerebelum_8_R and Vermis_3	0.56 ± 0.17	0.08 ± 0.17	4.4017	0.0001
Cerebelum_9_L and Vermis_3	0.52 ± 0.17	0.08 ± 0.29	3.7043	0.0009
Cerebelum_9_R and Vermis_3	0.53 ± 0.16	0.06 ± 0.30	3.9206	0.0005
Cerebelum_10_L and Vermis_3	0.44 ± 0.26	0.01 ± 0.17	4.4302	0.0001
Cerebelum_4_5_R and Vermis_4_5	0.85 ± 0.22	0.54 ± 0.14	5.6876	0.0000
Cerebelum_4_5_R and Vermis_8	0.72 ± 0.33	0.16 ± 0.35	4.2980	0.0002
Cerebelum_4_5_L and Vermis_9	0.61 ± 0.29	0.17 ± 0.30	3.9113	0.0005
Cerebelum_4_5_R and Vermis_9	0.61 ± 0.33	0.13 ± 0.26	4.3557	0.0002
Cerebelum_6_R and Vermis_9	0.75 ± 0.36	0.36 ± 0.23	4.2176	0.0002

The two-sample t tests of the data from the two groups revealed a significant positive functional connectivity (t value significantly > 0; that is, the poststroke cognitive impairment group > the control group, and the inter-regional functional connectivity of the poststroke cognitive impairment group increased significantly in the following brain regions). FC: Functional connectivity; PSCI: Poststroke cognitive impairment.