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        ©The Author(s) 2025.
    
    
        World J Radiol. Sep 28, 2025; 17(9): 112173
Published online Sep 28, 2025. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i9.112173
Published online Sep 28, 2025. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i9.112173
            Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients, mean ± SD/n (%)
        
    | Baseline characteristic | Pre-eclampsia group (n = 42) | Normal group (n = 300) | P value | 
| Age (years) | 31.0 ± 5 | 30.0 ± 5 | 0.23 | 
| Range | 28-38 | 20-40 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.29 ± 1.59 | 23.09 ± 1.87 | 0.15 | 
| GA at enrollment (weeks) | 11.43 ± 0.65 | 11.66 ± 0.67 | 0.08 | 
| Parity | |||
| Nulliparous | 18 (42.9) | 180 (60.0) | 0.0751 | 
| Primiparous | 16 (38.1) | 70 (23.3) | |
| Multiparous | 8 (19.0) | 50 (16.7) | |
| MAP (mmHg) | 94.1 ± 14.3 | 87.9 ± 6.5 | 0.008a | 
| Range | 78-125 | 77-118 | 
            Table 2 Distribution of study participants according to gravida and parity status, n (%)
        
    | Parameters | Groups | P value | ||
| Pre-eclampsia (n = 42) | Normal (n = 300) | |||
| Gravida | 1 | 10 (23.8) | 126 (42.0) | 0.026 | 
| 2 | 10 (23.8) | 94 (31.3) | ||
| 3 | 22 (52.4) | 80 (26.7) | ||
| Parity | 0 | 18 (42.9) | 180 (60.0) | 0.0748 | 
| 1 | 16 (38.1) | 70 (23.3) | ||
| 2 | 8 (19.0) | 50 (16.7) | ||
            Table 3 Timing and severity of preeclampsia in relation to uterine artery Doppler findings (n = 42), mean ± SD/n (%)
        
    | Parameter | Early-onset severe PE (n = 11) | Early-onset mild PE (n = 7) | Late-onset severe PE (n = 13) | Late-onset mild PE (n = 11) | 
| Total PE cases (%) | 26.2 | 16.7 | 31.0 | 26.2 | 
| Uterine artery PI | 2.03 ± 0.01 | 1.97 ± 0.01 | 1.94 ± 0.02 | 1.91 ± 0.04 | 
| Bilateral notching | 9 (81.8) | 5 (71.4) | 8 (61.5) | 4 (36.4) | 
| GA at diagnosis (weeks) | 29.3 ± 1.4 | 30.9 ± 1.0 | 35.8 ± 0.9 | 36.4 ± 1.1 | 
| P value | < 0.001 | |||
            Table 4 Pregnancy outcome of the study participants, mean ± SD/n (%)
        
    | Pre-eclampsia group (n = 42) | Normal group (n = 300) | P value | ||
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 34.4 ± 2.0 | 37.9 ± 1.6 | < 0.001a | |
| Mode of delivery | Vaginal | 14 (33.3) | 198 (66) | < 0.001a | 
| LSCS | 28 (66.7) | 102 (34) | ||
| Fetal complications | LBW | 26 (61.9) | 28 (9.3) | < 0.001a | 
| NICU admission | 32 (76.1) | 27(9) | < 0.001a | |
| Meconium-stained liquor | 1 (2.3) | 4 (1.3) | 0.611 | |
            Table 5 Uterine artery notching among the study participants, n (%)
        
    | Uterine artery notching | Groups | P value | |
| Pre-eclampsia (n = 42) | Normal (n = 300) | ||
| Present | 37 (88) | 48 (16) | < 0.001a | 
| Unilateral notching | 11 (29.7) | 32 (66.6) | |
| Bilateral notching | 26 (70.3) | 16 (33.4) | |
| Absent | 5 (12) | 252 (84) | |
            Table 6 Comparison of uterine artery Doppler indices
        
    | Parameter | Preeclampsia (n = 42) | Normal (n = 300) | P value | 
| Right UA-PI | 1.955 ± 0.35 | 1.481 ± 0.53 | < 0.001a | 
| Left UA-PI | 1.936 ± 0.39 | 1.467 ± 0.58 | |
| Mean PI | 1.9455 ± 0.36 | 1.4740 ± 0.52 | |
| Right UA-RI | 0.750 ± 0.12 | 0.551 ± 0.21 | |
| Left UA-RI | 0.746 ± 0.14 | 0.516 ± 0.23 | |
| Mean RI | 0.748 ± 0.13 | 0.5335 ± 0.22 | 
            Table 7 Sensitivity analysis-model excluding resistive index
        
    | Predictor | Adjusted OR | 95%CI | P value | 
| PI (per 0.1 unit) | 1.21 | 1.13-1.29 | < 0.001 | 
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 1.42 | 1.15-1.74 | 0.001 | 
| MAP (per 1 mmHg) | 1.06 | 1.01-1.10 | 0.009 | 
            Table 8 Multivariable logistic regression for prediction of preeclampsia
        
    | Predictor | Adjusted OR | 95%CI | P value | 
| PI (per 0.1 unit) | 1.07 | 0.96-1.20 | 0.001 | 
| RI (per 0.1 unit) | 1.47 | 1.07-2.01 | |
| BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 1.43 | 1.16-1.76 | |
| MAP (per 1 mmHg) | 1.05 | 1.01-1.10 | 0.014 | 
            Table 9 Receiver operating characteristic analysis for pulsatility index as predictor of pre-eclampsia
        
    | Parameter | Value | 
| AUC | 0.896 | 
| P value | < 0.001 | 
| Cut-off | 1.622 | 
| 95%CI (sensitivity) | 0.66-0.82 | 
| 95%CI (specificity) | 0.78-0.91 | 
| Sensitivity | 75.0% | 
| Specificity | 86.0% | 
| PPV | 84.27% | 
| NPV | 77.48% | 
| Diagnostic accuracy | 80.50% | 
            Table 10 Receiver operating characteristic analysis resistive index as predictor of pre-eclampsia
        
    | Parameter | Value | 
| AUC | 0.920 | 
| P value | < 0.001 | 
| Cut-off | 0.66 | 
| 95%CI (sensitivity) | 0.54-0.73 | 
| 95%CI (specificity) | 0.86-0.97 | 
| Sensitivity | 64.0% | 
| Specificity | 93.0% | 
| PPV | 90.14% | 
| NPV | 72.09% | 
| Diagnostic accuracy | 78.50% | 
- Citation: Parry AH, Hassan I, Rehaman B, Bhat SA, Mir S, Khan NA, Bhat IM, Ashraf S. Uterine artery Doppler at 11-14 weeks of gestation in the prediction of preeclampsia: An observational study. World J Radiol 2025; 17(9): 112173
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8470/full/v17/i9/112173.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v17.i9.112173

 
         
                         
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                         
                         
                        