Yttrium-90 radioembolization treatment strategies for management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Landmark studies testing transarterial radioembolization, transarterial chemoembolization, and sorafenib as hepatocellular carcinoma therapies

Ref.	LEGACY[34]	TRACE[40]	PREMIER[50]	RASER[35]	SARAH[69]	SIRveNIB[68]
Publication date	2021	2022	2016	2022	2017	2018
Combination tested	TARE	TARE vs TACE	TARE vs TACE	TARE	TARE vs sorafenib	TARE vs sorafenib
Sample size	162	TARE: 38, TACE: 34	TARE: 24, TACE: 21	29	TARE: 237, sorafenib: 222	TARE: 182, sorafenib: 178
ECOG performance status	0: 98 (66.7%), 1: 64 (39.5%)	TARE - 0: 34 (90%), 1: 4 (11%); TACE - 0: 29 (85%), 1: 5 (15%)	NDA	0: 28 (100%)	TARE - 0: 145 (61%), 1: 92 (39%); sorafenib - 0: 139 (63%), 1: 83 (37%)	TARE - 0: 135 (74.2%), 1: 47 (25.8%); sorafenib - 0: 141 (79.2%), 1: 37 (20.8%)
Child-Pugh score	A5: 108 (66.7%); A6: 54 (33.3%)	TARE - A: 36 (95%), B: 2 (5.3%); TACE - A: 29 (85%), B: 5 (15%)	TARE - A: 12 (50%), B7: 6 (25%), B8: 3 (12.5%), B9: 3 (12.5%); TACE - A: 15 (71%), B7: 3 (14%), B8: 2 (10%), B9: 1 (5%)	A5: 14 (48%), A6: 12 (41%), B7: 3 (10%)	TARE - A5+A6: 196 (83%), B7: 39 (16%); sorafenib - A5+A6: 187 (84%), B7: 35 (16%)	TARE - A: 165 (90.7%), B: 14 (7.7%); sorafenib - A: 160 (89.9%), B: 16 (9.0%)
Median overall survival (months)	NDA	TARE: 30.2, TACE: 15.6	TARE: 18.6, TACE: 17.7	NDA	TARE: 8.0, sorafenib: 9.9	TARE: 8.8, sorafenib: 10.0
Median time to progression (months)	NDA	TARE: 17.1, TACE: 9.5	TARE: > 26, TACE: 6.8	NDA	NDA	TARE: 6.1, sorafenib: 5.4
Objective response rate	86.4%	TARE: 88%, TACE: 87%	NDA	90%	TARE: 49%, sorafenib: 66%	NDA
Median duration of response (months)	10.6	NDA	NDA	20.9	NDA	NDA
Median progression free survival (months)	NDA	TARE: 11.8, TACE: 9.1	NDA	NDA	TARE: 4.1, sorafenib: 3.7	TARE: 5.8, sorafenib: 5.1

TARE: Transarterial radioembolization; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; NDA: No data available; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

Table 2 Treatments of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using combination therapies

Ref.	HCRN GI15-225[81]	NASIR-HCC[80]	SOLID[78]	Yu et al[96]	SORAMIC[70]
Publication date	2024	2022	2023	2023	2019
Combination tested	TARE + pembrolizumab	TARE + nivolumab	TARE + durvalumab	TARE + atezo-bev	TARE + sorafenib vs sorafenib
Sample size	27	42	24	10	216
ECOG performance status	0: 13 (48%), 1: 14 (52%)	0: 38 (90.5%), 1: 4 (9.5%)	0: 20 (83.3%), 1: 4 (16.7%)	0: 4 (40.0%), 1: 4 (40.0%), 2-3: 2 (20.0%)	NDA
Child-Pugh score	A: 26 (96.0%), B7: 1 (4.00%)	A5: 36 (85.7%), A6: 6 (14.3%)	A5: 21 (87.5%), A6: 3 (12.5%)	A: 8 (80.0%), B: 2 (20.0%)	A: 190 (88.0%), B: 26 (12.0%)
Median overall survival (months)	27.3	20.9	NDA	NDA	TARE + sorafenib: 12.1, sorafenib: 11.4
Median time to progression (months)	9.95	8.80	15.2	NDA	NDA
Objective response rate	36.0%	41.50%	83.3%	NDA	NDA
Median duration of response (months)	5.50	7.75	7.2	NDA	NDA
Median progression free survival (months)	9.95	9.0	6.9	NDA	NDA

atezo-bev: Atezolizumab-bevacizumab; TARE: Transarterial radioembolization; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; NDA: No data available; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.