Magnetic resonance defecography assessment of obstructed defecation syndrome in patients with chronic constipation in a tertiary care hospital

Figure 1 Magnetic resonance defecography T2-weighted image depicting the normal pubococcygeal line[14]. Pubococcygeal line (PCL) (yellow line) spans the inferior border of the pubic symphysis to the last visible coccygeal joint. H-line (purple) represents the length of the anterior-posterior levator hiatus. M-line (blue) measures the vertical descent of the anorectal junction below the PCL. Citation: Korula DR, Chandramohan A, John R, Eapen A. Barium Defecating Proctography and Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Proctography: Their Role and Patient's Perception. J Clin Imaging Sci 2021; 11: 31. Copyright ^©The Author(s) 2011. Published by Scientific Scholar LLC (Supplementary material).

Figure 2 Magnetic resonance defecography image showing pelvic organ prolapse across all three pelvic compartments[15]. Anterior compartment: Cystocele (blue); Middle compartment: Uterine prolapse (white); Posterior compartment (orange, anterior rectocele and anorectal junction descent). Citation: Shetty A, Walizai T, Murphy A. MR defaecating proctography. Radiopaedia 2016. Copyright ^©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Radiopaedia[15] (Supplementary material).

Figure 3 Magnetic resonance images indicating an anorectal angle (typically 90°–130° at rest)[10]. Citation: Megha K, Sushil G K, Dilip L L. Applications and Limitations of Magnetic Resonance Defecography in Evaluation of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Disorders. Int J Radiol Imaging Technol 2019; 5. Copyright ^©The Author(s) 2019. Published by ClinMed International Library (Supplementary material).