Prehospital aspirin use is associated with improved clinical outcomes in pulmonary embolism: A retrospective case-control study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population stratified by prehospital aspirin use, n (%)

Variable	Aspirin (n = 90)	No aspirin (n = 233)	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	74.2 ± 14.3	66.9 ± 16.7	< 0.001
Male sex	49 (54.4)	113 (48.5)	0.338
BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD	29.7 ± 7.4	29.7 ± 7.2	0.986
Hypertension	58 (64.4)	125 (53.6)	0.079
Coronary artery disease	44 (48.9)	21 (9.0)	< 0.001
Chronic kidney disease	15 (16.7)	23 (9.9)	0.089
Active malignancy	18 (20.0)	59 (25.3)	0.314
Smoking history	47 (52.2)	109 (46.8)	0.380
Heart rate on admission (bpm)	89.0 ± 19.3	94.6 ± 21.4	0.032

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of clinical outcomes between aspirin and non-aspirin groups

Outcome	Aspirin (n = 90)	No aspirin (n = 233)	P value	OR (95%CI)
ICU admission	16.7%	28.8%	0.025	0.496 (0.266-0.924)
Shock	2.2%	9.9%	0.021	0.208 (0.048-0.899)
RV strain (CT)	22.2%	34.8%	0.029	0.536 (0.305-0.944)
In-hospital mortality	3.3%	11.6%	0.022	0.260 (0.080-0.889)
Mechanical ventilation	6.7%	4.7%	0.483	1.442 (0.517-4.021)
EKOS therapy	3.3%	11.2%	0.047	0.275 (0.081-0.931)
Cardiac arrest	6.7%	6.0%	0.826	1.117 (0.416-3.004)

ICU: Intensive care unit; RV: Right ventricle; CT: Computed tomography; EKOS: Ekosonic endovascular system; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 3 Clinical outcomes associated with prehospital aspirin use, n (%)

Outcome	Aspirin (n = 90)	No aspirin (n = 233)	P value	OR (95%CI)
RV strain on CT	20 (22.2)	81 (34.8)	0.029	0.54 (0.31-0.94)
RV strain on echocardiogram	12 (13.3)	36 (18.9)	0.246	0.66 (0.32-1.34)
ICU admission	15 (16.7)	67 (28.8)	0.025	0.50 (0.27-0.92)
Pressor requirement	2 (2.2)	23 (9.9)	0.021	0.21 (0.04-0.90)
In-hospital mortality	3 (3.3)	27 (11.6)	0.022	0.260 (0.080-0.889)
EKOS therapy	3 (3.3)	26 (11.2)	0.047	0.28 (0.08-0.93)
Mechanical ventilation	6 (6.7)	11 (4.7)	0.483	1.44 (0.52-4.02)
Cardiac arrest	6 (6.7)	14 (6.0)	0.826	1.12 (0.42-3.00)

ICU: Intensive care unit; RV: Right ventricle; CT: Computed tomography; EKOS: Ekosonic endovascular system; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.