Proteomics-based investigation of the protective effect and mechanism of Agari-5 in rats with myocardial infarction

Figure 1 Agari-5 restored cardiac function after myocardial infarction in rats. A: Overall experimental flowchart; B: Cardiac ultrasound of rats in each group (n = 3 hearts/group); C: Statistical histograms of ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and left ventricular end-systolic dimension data of cardiac ultrasound in rats of each group. All data are expressed as mean ± SD. All statistics are shown in bar graphs. ^aP < 0.05. EF: Ejection fraction; FS: Fractional shortening; LVIDs: Left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVIDd: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; MI: Myocardial infarction; NS: Not significant.

Figure 2 Common indicators for detecting myocardial infarction in rats. A: Agari-5 restored indicators of cardiac function after myocardial infarction in rats from left to right: (1) Creatine kinase; (2) Creatine kinase isoenzyme; and (3) Lactate dehydrogenase. All data are expressed as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05 vs model, ^bP < 0.01 vs model, ^cP < 0.05 vs control, ^dP < 0.01 vs control; B and C: Histopathological pictures of heart tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s staining. These parameters were recorded after 4 weeks of gavage administration of Agari-5 following myocardial infarction in rats (n = 3). CK: Creatine kinase; CK-MB: Creatine kinase isoenzyme; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase.

Figure 3 Volcano plot of differential proteins between groups of rats. A: The control group compared with the model group with 122 proteins upregulated and 109 downregulated; B: In the comparison between the Agari-5 group and the model group, 190 proteins were identified of which 99 were upregulated and 91 were downregulated; C: In the Agari-5 group compared with the control group, 246 proteins were identified with 129 proteins upregulated and 117 downregulated. Horizontal coordinates represent differential folds taken logarithmically at the base of 2, vertical coordinates represent P values taken logarithmically at the base of 10, and red and green scatters represent upregulated and downregulated differential proteins, respectively.

Figure 4 Bubble diagram of enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins for Gene Ontology, EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. A: Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis (control vs model); B: GO enrichment analysis (Agari-5 vs model); C: GO enrichment analysis (Agari-5 vs control); D: EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) enrichment analysis (control vs model); E: KOG enrichment analysis (Agari-5 vs model); F: KOG enrichment analysis (Agari-5 vs control); G: KEGG enrichment analysis (control vs model); H: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis (Agari-5 vs Model); I: KEGG enrichment analysis (Agari-5 vs Control). The horizontal coordinate represents the enrichment multiplicity, and the vertical coordinate represents the name of the entries of GO, KOG, and KEGG.

Figure 5 Interaction network diagram of differentially expressed proteins among groups. A: Control group; B: Model group; C: Agari-5 group. Each node in the interaction network represents a differentially expressed protein; node red (up) indicates that the expression level of differentially expressed proteins is upregulated, and node blue (down) indicates that the expression level of differentially expressed proteins is downregulated.

Figure 6 Protein bands. A: Protein bar graph; B-E: The statistical histograms of each protein (n = 3, mean ± SD). ^aP < 0.05; NS: Not significant.