Preoperative handgrip strength and physical activity level in association with length of stay after coronary artery bypass grafting

doi:10.4330/wjc.v18.i4.117919

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Apr 26, 2026 (publication date) through Apr 14, 2026

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Cardiol. Apr 26, 2026; 18(4): 117919
Published online Apr 26, 2026. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v18.i4.117919

Preoperative handgrip strength and physical activity level in association with length of stay after coronary artery bypass grafting

Arnengsih Nazir, Titing Nurhayati, Rafael AP Samudro, Reinata Digjaya, Santi Rachmaniar, Hana A Nurhalizah

Arnengsih Nazir, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia

Titing Nurhayati, Department of Emergency, RSAU Lanud Sulaiman Kopo, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia

Rafael AP Samudro, Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia

Reinata Digjaya, Department of Medical, Military Hospital Type II 03.05.01 Dustira, Cimahi 40521, West Java, Indonesia

Santi Rachmaniar, Department of Emergency, RS Rama Hadi, Purwakarta 41181, West Java, Indonesia

Hana A Nurhalizah, Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Mataram University, Mataram 83121, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Author contributions: Nazir A and Samudro RAP designed the research study; Nazir A, Nurhayati T, and Samudro RAP performed the research and analyzed the data; Nazir A, Nurhayati T, Samudro RAP, Digjaya R, Rachmaniar S, and Nurhalizah HA wrote the manuscript; and all authors have read and approve the final manuscript.

Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, approval No. 203/UN6.KEP/EC/2024.

Informed consent statement: The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design of the study and the use of fully anonymized secondary data.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.

Data sharing statement: No additional data are available. All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the article.

Corresponding author: Arnengsih Nazir, MD, MM, PhD, Academic Fellow, Assistant Professor, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Jl. Pasteur No. 38, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia. arnengsih@unpad.ac.id

Received: December 18, 2025
Revised: January 28, 2026
Accepted: March 9, 2026
Published online: April 26, 2026
Processing time: 116 Days and 15.5 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Preoperative functional status has been proposed as a modifiable factor of postoperative recovery after coronary artery bypass grafting. Handgrip strength and physical activity level (PAL) are simple, low-cost measures reflecting muscle strength and functional reserve. In this article, neither preoperative handgrip strength nor PAL was significantly associated with postoperative length of hospital stay (LoS) after coronary artery bypass grafting. Although patients with moderate PAL showed a numerically shorter LoS, this finding was not statistically significant. These results highlight the multifactorial nature of postoperative LoS, predominantly driven by perioperative complications, and prospective studies integrating functional, clinical, and postoperative recovery outcomes are needed.