Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Cardiol. Sep 26, 2025; 17(9): 110228
Published online Sep 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110228
Published online Sep 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110228
Metabolically "healthy" obesity in postmenopausal women: Unmasking the cardiovascular risk
Rafail Koros, Michail I Papafaklis, Cardiology Division, University Hospital of Patras, Rio 26504, Achaia, Greece
Eleni M Domouzoglou, Pediatrics, Nafpaktos Health Center, Nafpaktos 30300, Etoloakarnania, Greece
Michail I Papafaklis, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio 26504, Achaia, Greece
Author contributions: Koros R and Papafaklis M contributed to the conception, outline, and design of the manuscript; Koros R drafted the manuscript; Domouzoglou EM and Papafaklis MI critically revised and edited the manuscript for important intellectual content; All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript.
Supported by Program “MEDICUS” of the University of Patras, No. 82869, 3419/15.01.2024.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Michail I Papafaklis, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Consultant, FESC, Cardiology Division, University Hospital of Patras, Leof. Ippokratous, Rio 26504, Achaia, Greece. m.papafaklis@yahoo.com
Received: June 3, 2025
Revised: July 8, 2025
Accepted: August 12, 2025
Published online: September 26, 2025
Processing time: 107 Days and 15.8 Hours
Revised: July 8, 2025
Accepted: August 12, 2025
Published online: September 26, 2025
Processing time: 107 Days and 15.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Distinct metabolic health states exist among normal-weight and obese individuals and potentially translate into differences in future cardiovascular risk. Menopause is followed by critical metabolic changes, which are associated with a higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Postmenopausal women with a metabolically healthy obesity may represent a subgroup of individuals with exacerbated clinical risk despite a seemingly benign profile of metabolic parameters.