Gupta S, Lal N, Pradhan A, Verma AK. Association of chronic periodontitis in a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic syndrome: A minireview. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(9): 109126 [DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.109126]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Akshyaya Pradhan, Professor, Department of Cardiology, King George's Medical University, Shahmina Road, Chowk, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. akshyaya33@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Shilpi Gupta, Division of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
Nand Lal, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
Akshyaya Pradhan, Department of Cardiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ajay Kumar Verma, Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
Author contributions: Gupta S revised the manuscript; Gupta S and Pradhan A conceived the project and prepared the manuscript; Lal N critically reviewed manuscript; Lal N and Verma AK performed the literature search and preformed journal search; Pradhan A submitted the manuscript; all of the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Akshyaya Pradhan, Professor, Department of Cardiology, King George's Medical University, Shahmina Road, Chowk, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. akshyaya33@gmail.com
Received: April 30, 2025 Revised: June 11, 2025 Accepted: August 25, 2025 Published online: September 26, 2025 Processing time: 140 Days and 17.7 Hours
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) and increasing mortality rate play a significant role in the global increase of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in developing countries. A group of metabolic syndromes that are risk factors for CVDs are referred to as the CMS. Although the exact mechanism(s) behind the development of the CMS are not known, but multi-organ insulin resistance, a prevalent characteristic of the syndrome, is probably one of them. The two most prevalent dental diseases i.e. periodontitis (PD) and dental caries have been related to several systemic diseases and disorders, such as CMS. Age, alcohol consumption, being obese, possessing diabetes, as well as smoking are risk factors for periodontal diseases, while both CVD and periodontal diseases are linked to systemic inflammation. It has a multifactorial aetiology and is associated with many systemic diseases. When bacteria and their products attack the periodontal tissues, the tissue raises an immune-inflammatory response against the pathogens. This acute phase response is a result of the pathogen’s systemic attack and contributes to the overall inflammatory burden of the system. CVD and PD are both diseases associated with systemic inflammation and may be related as they share many common risk factors. Hence, the correlation between these conditions might also have an impact on how dentistry and medicine are practised, thus helping to build a working relationship between the dentist and the physician.
Core Tip: Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) plays a pivotal role in global increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the developing countries. The multi-organ insulin resistance appears to key driver of both metabolic syndrome and CVDs. The two most prevalent dental diseases i.e., periodontitis (PD) and dental caries have been related to several systemic diseases and disorders, such as CMS. Age, alcohol consumption, being obese, possessing diabetes, as well as smoking are risk factors for periodontal diseases and CVD alike. Periodontal diseases are intricately linked to systemic inflammation and are associated with many systemic diseases. When bacteria and their products attack the periodontal tissues, the tissue raises an immune-inflammatory response against the pathogens. This acute phase response is a result of the pathogen’s systemic attack and adds to the overall inflammatory burden of the system. CVD and PD are both diseases associated with systemic inflammation and may be related as they share many common risk factors. Hence, the correlation between these conditions might also have an impact on how dentistry and medicine are practised, thus helping to build a working relationship between the dentist and the physician.
