Colitis cystica profunda diagnosed by laparoscopic excision: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 All published cases of gastritis cystica profunda from 1966-2025

Ref.	Age	Sex	Lesion location	History of stomach surgery	Symptoms	Treatment
Epstein et al[11], 1966	55	Female	Rectum	No	Hemafecia	Excision
Grant and Roller[12], 1967	23	Female	Rectum	No	Hemafecia	Conservative
Sullivan et al[13], 1968	19	Male	Rectum	No	Diarrhea, mucous stool, emaciation	Excision
Sullivan et al[13], 1968	23	Male	Rectum	No	Diarrhea	Excision
Scruggs and Duckworth[14], 1968	31	Female	Rectum	No	Rectal pain, hemafecia, tenesmus, hemorrhoids, mucopurulent bloody stool	Conservative
Scruggs and Duckworth[14], 1968	15	Female	Rectum	No	Abdominal pain, tenesmus, diarrhea, mucopurulent bloody stool	Excision
Fechner[15], 1967	62	Male	Colon	Laparotomy, colotomy, a segmental resection	Hemafecia	Excision
Barner[16], 1967	36	Male	Colon transversum	No	Diarrhea, hemafecia, emaciation	Transverse colectomy, a double colostomy
Stolar and Silver[17], 1969	49	Female	Rectum	Fistulotomy, biopsy	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Abdominoperineal resection
Ghani[18], 1970	31	Male	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Excision
Clark and Muldoon[19], 1970	60	Female	Sigmoid colon	No	Diarrhea, hemafecia	Colotomy, transcolonic polypectomy
Burt et al[20], 1970	76	Female	Sigmoid colon	Sigmoidoscopy, double mastoidectomy and hysteroscopy	Abdominal pain, mucopurulent bloody stool	The transverse colon with end-to-end anastomosis
O'Brien et al[21], 1971	65	Male	Sigmoid colon	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool	A segmental resection of the sigmoid colon
Talerman[22], 1971	25	Male	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Excision
Ballas et al[23], 1971	27	Male	Rectum	No	No symptoms	Excision
Young et al[24], 1972	17	Male	Rectum	History of anal fissure surgery	Abdominal pain, hemafecia	Extensive local resection
Herman and Nabseth[25], 1973	36	Male	Rectum	Cholecystectomy, appendectomy	Diarrhea, tenesmus	Colostomy
Green et al[26], 1974	25	Female	Rectum	Hemorrhoidectomy, perianal condyloma acuminatum	Mucopurulent bloody stool, tenesmus	Excision
Farman et al[27], 1974	70	Female	Sigmoid	Cholecystectomy	No symptoms	Laparotomy
Farman et al[27], 1974	23	Male	Rectum	No	Rectal pain, hemafecia, diarrhea	Conservative
Farman et al[27], 1974	52	Female	Rectum	No	Recurrent ventral hernia	Conservative
Lasser and Acosta[28], 1975	37	Male	Sigmoid colon	Bilateral ureterosigmoidostomy	Confusion, weakness, lethargy, vomiting, metabolic acidosis	Partial colonic resection, ileal loop diversion
Friedman and Tueller[29], 1975	26	Male	Rectum	No	Watery diarrhea	Corticosteroid enemas
Tedesco et al[30], 1976	36	Male	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Conservative
Tedesco et al[30], 1976	27	Female	Rectum	No	Diarrhea, mucopurulent bloody stool	Local excision
Tedesco et al[30], 1976	31	Female	Rectum	No	Diarrhea, rectal pruritus	Conservative
Tedesco et al[30], 1976	19	Male	Descending colon and sigmoid colon	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool (history of ulcerative colitis)	Total colectomy
Tedesco et al[30], 1976	60	Male	The junction of the descending and sigmoid colon	No	Diarrhea, abdominal pain	Endoscopic polypectomy, anterior colonic resection
Bhuta and Prathikanti[31], 1976	27	Male	Rectum	No	Hemafecia, tenesmus, abdominal pain, vomiting	Wide local excision
Rosen et al[32], 1976	37	Female	Colon	No	Abdominal gunshot wound	Colostomy
Nagasako et al[33], 1977	19	Male	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Abdominoperineal resection
Kyriakos and Condon[34], 1978	48	Male	Ileum	Appendectomy side-to-side anastomosis of the jejune	Abdominal pain, abdominal distension, vomiting, diarrhea	Wedge resection of the jejunal segment
Baratz et al[35], 1978	57	Male	Ileum, The ileocecal junction, colon	Right nephrectomy, radiotherapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma	Astriction	Right hemicolectomy, ileotransverse anastomosis
Ledesma-Medina et al[36], 1978	13	Female	Rectum	No	Type I rectal prolapse with bleeding	Excision
Shinohara et al[37], 1981	49	Male	Rectum	No	Diarrhea, astriction, rectal pain, anal bleeding	Perineal rectal resection
Magidson and Lewin[38], 1981	20	Male	Sigmoid colon	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Total proctocolectomy
Krummel et al[39], 1983	14	Male	Rectum	No	Anal pain, tenesmus, hemafecia	Excision
Suzuki and Matsumoto[40], 1983	14	Male	Rectum	No	Diarrhea, hemafecia	Extirpation of the polyp
Suzuki and Matsumoto[40], 1983	15	Female	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Conservative
Nielsen et al[41], 1984	33	Male	No	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool (history of ulcerative colitis)	Conservative
Gardiner et al[42], 1984	55	Female	Colon	Radiotherapy for squamous carcinoma of the cervix (stage A), cholecystectomy	Bloody diarrhea, abdominal distension	Resection of the sigmoid colon with primary anastomosis, defunctioning transverse loop colostomy
Yashiro et al[43], 1985	70	Male	Sigmoid colon	No	Follow-up study	Polyp removal and surgery
Bentley et al[44], 1985	52	Male	Sigmoid colon	Decompression loop colostomy of the transverse colon, total colectomy + cecal sigmoid anastomosis	Abdominal pain, fever, hemafecia, mucoid loose stools, vomiting	Abdominal perineal resection, Koch ileostomy
Walker et al[45], 1986	36	Male	Rectum	Splenectomy	Abdominal pain, hemafecia, marasmus, mucoid loose stools	Rectal resection
Spjut et al[46], 1987	39	Male	Colon transversum jejunum	History of duodenal ulcer	Abdominal distension, rectal bleeding	Segmental resection of the transverse colon
Guy and Hall[47], 1988	17	Male	Rectum	No	Astriction, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, tenesmus	Mucosal sleeve resection
Hulsmans et al[48], 1991	48	Male	Rectum	No	No	Conservative
Kim et al[49], 1992	31	Male	Transverse colon	No	Hemafecia	Segmental resection with end-to-end anastomosis of the descending colon
Zidi et al[50], 1994	48	Female	Anterior wall of rectum, sigmoid transverse colon	Transabdominal rectopexy, diverting transverse colostomy	Hemafecia	Sigmoidectomy, low-sited colorectal anastomosis
Heusinkveld and Barnard[51], 1994	13	Male	Rectum	No	Hemafecia	Rectal resection
Lifshitz et al[52], 1994	37	Female	Rectum	No	Hemafecia	Transanal local excision
Valenzuela et al[53], 1996	30	Female	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Conservative
Valenzuela et al[53], 1996	45	Male	Rectum	No	Abdominal pain, tenesmus, mucopurulent bloody stool	Conservative
Petritsch et al[54], 1996	30	Male		No	Mucopurulent bloody stool	EMR
Petritsch et al[54], 1996	27	Male	Rectum	No	Presented with rectal polyps for consultation	Conservative
Karnak et al[55], 1997	5	Male	100 cm distal to the ligament of Trietze and 120 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve	No	Abdominal pain, fever, biliary vomiting, ileal intussusception	Partial ileal segment resection and ileoileal anastomosis
Sakurai et al[56], 2000	53	Male	Colon transversum	No	Ulcerative colitis	Transverse colectomy
Wang et al[57], 2001	73	Male	Rectum	Spinal cord injury	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Transverse colostomy
Wang et al[57], 2001	47	Male	Rectum	Spinal cord injury	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Mesalamine enemas
Wang et al[57], 2001	75	Male	40 cm from the anal margin	Spinal cord injury	Irregular bowel movements, fecal incontinence	Left hemicolectomy and transverse colostomy
Madan and Minocha[58], 2002	37	Male	Sigmoid colon	Multiple sclerosis	Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, bile vomiting	Sigmoidectomy and end colostomy
Krüger et al[59], 2005	39	Female	Colon transversum	Crohn’s disease	Recurrent of bowel obstruction	Partial left hemicolectomy
Kayaçetin and Kayaçetin[60], 2005	18	Male	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool, tenesmus, fatigue	Anterior resection with a protective colostomy, closure of the colostomy
Sarzo et al[61], 2005	No	Female	Rectum, sigmoid colon	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Anterior resection of the sigmoid colon and upper rectum
Dewandel et al[62], 2001	39	Female	Colon descendens	No	Abdominal pain, diarrhea	Excision
Inan et al[63], 2007	16	Male	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool, tenesmus	EMR
Sztarkier et al[64], 2006	64	Female	Rectum	No	Hemafecia, ulcerative proctitis	Full-thickness transanal excision
Tajika et al[65], 2007	48	Male	Colon descendens	No	Positive fecal occult blood experiment	Right hemicolectomy
Kornprat et al[66], 2007	48	Female	Rectum	No	Astriction, rectal pain, rectal prolapse	Perineal proctectomy (altemeier procedure)
Laurent et al[67], 2007	66	Male	Rectum	Anorectal dysfunction resulting from a history of spinal surgery	Anal mass with prolapse, astriction, tenesmus	EMR
de Toro et al[68], 2007	35	Female	Sigmoid colon	Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cervical cancer	Abdominal pain, vomiting	Proximal sigmoid colostomy
Dolar et al[69], 2007	44	Male	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool tenesmus, rectal incontinence and prolapse	Low anterior resection with colon-anal anastomosis
Higuera Alvarez et al[70], 2008	50	Male	Ileum, sigmoid, colon transversum, caecum	No	Anorexia, weight loss, perianal abscess	Conservative
Toll and Palazzo[71], 2009	16	Male	Colon	No	Ulcerative colitis	Proctocolectomy
Fernández Salazar et al[72], 2009	70	Male	Sigmoid colon	No	Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, anemia, ulcerative colitis	Colectomy
Baltar-Arias et al[73], 2010	63	Female	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool	Conservative
Jung et al[74], 2010	38	Male	Sigmoid	History of polypectomy of the colon	Hemafecia	EMR
Qayed et al[75], 2011	42	Male	Sigmoid colon	No	Abdominal pain, fever with chills, hemafecia, vomiting	Sigmoid colectomy and descending colostomy
Arana et al[76], 2014	49	Male	The junction of the rectum and sigmoid colon	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool, ulcerative colitis	Total proctosigmoidectomy with preservation of the anus and terminal ileostomy
Sultan et al[77], 2014	27	Male	Rectum	No	Hemafecia	Conservative
Cecinato et al[78], 2014	39	Male	Colon descendens	No	Colonoscopy follow-up (history of ulcerative colitis)	Segmental colectomy
Shin et al[79], 2014	65	Male	Sigmoid colon	No	Colonoscopy follow-up	EMR
Hernandez-Prera and Polydorides[80], 2014	46	Female	Colon	No	Abdominal pain, astriction, vomiting (history of Crohn’s disease)	Partial colectomy with end-to-end anastomosis
Lord et al[3], 2015	28	Female	Rectum	No	Astriction, hemafecia, full-thickness rectal prolapse	Laparoscopic surgery and ileostomy
Wang et al[8], 2015	29	Female	Rectum	No	Abdominal pain	ESD
Spicakova et al[6], 2017	45	Male	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool (family history of ulceration)	Low anterior resection and prophylactic appendectomy
Spicakova et al[6], 2017	16	Female	Rectum	No	Hemafecia, astriction	Conservative
Ayantunde et al[1], 2016	34	Female	Rectum	No	Tenesmus, mucopurulent bloody stool	Complete dissection from the submucosa is achieved through a vertical mucosal incision
Masood et al[7], 2018	21	Male	Rectum	No	Hemafecia, weight loss	Laparoscopic surgery and ileostomy
Jeruc et al[81], 2019	32	Male	Colon	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool (history of Crohn’s disease)	Total colectomy
Rumi et al[9], 2019	65	Female	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool, tenesmus	Anterior resection of the rectum
Abe et al[82], 2021	48	Male	Rectum	No	Hemafecia (intellectual disability, frequently inserting fingers into the anus after defecation)	ESD
Zhou et al[83], 2021	14	Male	Colon transversum	No	Hemafecia, diarrhea, iron-deficiency anemia (history of Crohn’s disease)	Partial colectomy
Zaki et al[5], 2022	58	Male	Rectum	No	Diarrhea	Surgical resection
Chen et al[10], 2023	62	Male	Rectum	Cholecystectomy	Rectal submucosal eminence	ESD
Suter and Skinner[84], 2023	25	Female	Rectum	No	Hemafecia	EMR
Zhang et al[85], 2023	14	Male	Rectum	Transanal resection of the rectal lesions	Hemafecia	Conservative
Jiang et al[4], 2023	34	Male	Rectum	No	Mucous defecation	EMR
Jiang et al[4], 2023	27	Female	Rectum	No	Mucopurulent bloody stool, tenesmus	EMR
Bhagwanani et al[86], 2023	49	Female	Rectum	No	Rectal prolapse	Surgical resection
Denis et al[87], 2024	72	Female	Colon	Sigmoid colectomy for colon cancer (stage T2N0)	Asymptomatic	Right hemicolectomy
Chebbo et al[88], 2024	29	Female	Sigmoid colon	Appendicectomy	Abdominal pain, hemafecia	EMR
Rosano et al[89], 2024	65	Female	Sigmoid colon	No	Abdominal pain, diverticulosis (family history of colon cancer, history of atrial fibrillation)	Laparoscopic sigmoidectomy
Früh et al[90], 2024	82	Female	50 cm from the anal margin	No	Hemafecia	Loop excision
Guduguntla et al[91], 2025	20	Female	Rectum	No	Hemafecia (family history of colon cancer)	No
Zhou et al[92], 2025	48	Male	Colon descendens	No	A mass in the descending colon mucosa	ESD

EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.