Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and colorectal adenoma: A retrospective study with insights into Wnt/β-Catenin/TCF7L2 pathway activation

Table 1 Basic information of patients, n (%)/mean ± SD

	Control group	Adenoma group	t/χ2	P value
Number	103	315
Gender
Male	55 (53.4)	202 (64.1)	3.773	0.052
Female	48 (46.6)	113 (35.9)
Age (years)	52.70 ± 14.35	54.97 ± 12.74	-1.525	0.128
History of diabetes	16 (15.5)	97 (30.8)	9.163	0.002
History of hypertension	19 (18.4)	66 (21.0)	0.301	0.583
Hyperuricemia	1 (1.0)	6 (1.9)	0.040	0.842
Hyperlipidemia	5 (4.9)	24 (7.6)	0.919	0.338

Table 2 Univariate logistic regression analysis

	B	SE	Wald	OR	95%CI	P value
Gender	0.445	0.230	3.745	1.560	0.994-2.448	0.053
Age (years)	0.013	0.009	2.309	1.013	0.996-1.03	0.129
History of diabetes	0.884	0.298	8.782	2.419	1.349-4.34	0.003
History of hypertension	0.159	0.289	0.300	1.172	0.665-2.066	0.584
Hyperuricemia	0.683	1.086	0.396	1.981	0.236-16.646	0.529
Hyperlipidemia	0.480	0.505	0.903	1.616	0.6-4.352	0.342

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis

	B	SE	Wald	OR	95%CI	P value
Gender	0.446	0.234	3.637	1.562	0.988-2.471	0.057
Age (years)	0.011	0.009	1.498	1.011	0.994-1.028	0.221
History of diabetes	0.817	0.302	7.312	2.263	1.252-4.09	0.007

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Analysis of carcinoembryonic antigen and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in each experimental group, median (interquartile rage)/mean ± SD

	A + D group (n = 20)	A + ND group (n = 20)	NA + ND group (n = 10)
CEA (ng/mL)	3.63 (2.46-4.85)	2.19 (1.35-2.98)a	1.41 (0.90-2.11)a
IGF-1 (ng/mL)	142.53 ± 16.38	123.70 ± 11.32b	102.52 ± 8.98b

^aP < 0.05, the carcinoembryonic antigen level in A + D group was higher than that in A + ND group and control group.

^bP < 0.05, the insulin-like growth factor-1 level in A + D group was higher than that in A + ND group and control group.

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1.

Table 5 Average optical value analysis of each experimental group, mean ± SD

AO	A + D group (n = 20)	A + ND group (n = 20)	NA + ND group (n = 20)
β-catenin	0.118 ± 0.027	0.094 ± 0.028a	0.045 ± 0.02a
TCF7 L2	0.063 ± 0.029	0.030 ± 0.012b	0.023 ± 0.010b
Ki67	0.078 ± 0.028	0.038 ± 0.014c	0.018 ± 0.014c

^aP < 0.05, the expression of β-catenin in A + D group was higher than that in A + ND group and control group.

^bP < 0.05, the expression of transcription factor 7 like 2 in A + D group was higher than that in A + ND group and control group.

^cP < 0.05, the expression of Ki67 in A + D group was higher than that in A + ND group and control group.

Image-Pro Plus version 6.0 software was used to select images with the same color, and the same brown-yellow color was used as the unified standard to judge the positivity of all photos. The positive integrated optical density value and the pixel area of the tissue were analyzed for each photo, and the average optical value was calculated. The higher the average optical value, the higher the positive expression level. AO: Average optical; TCF7 L2: Transcription factor 7 like 2.