Two-port vs four-port laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer: Efficacy and outcomes

Table 1 Patient baseline information, n (%)/mean ± SD

General data	Two-port group (n = 80)	Four-port group (n = 70)	χ2/Z/t	P value
Sex			0.058	0.809
Male	45 (56.25)	38 (54.29)
Female	35 (43.75)	32 (45.71)
Age (years)	57.20 ± 7.30	59.29 ± 9.21	1.549	0.124
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.00 (20.00, 24.00)	22.00 (20.00, 25.00)	-0.195	0.845
Tumor, node, metastasis stage			1.306	0.520
I	24 (30.00)	17 (24.29)
II	22 (27.50)	25 (35.71)
III	34 (42.50)	28 (40.00)
Lesion location			0.076	0.782
Colon cancer	52 (65.00)	47 (67.14)
Rectal cancer	28 (35.00)	23 (32.86)
Tumor diameter (cm)	4.09 ± 1.24	3.83 ± 1.39	1.211	0.228

Table 2 Comparative operative measures, mean ± SD

Operative measures	Two-port group (n = 80)	Four-port group (n = 70)	t value	P value
Surgical duration (minutes)	99.69 ± 13.85	103.07 ± 17.51	1.319	0.189
Intraoperative hemorrhage volume (mL)	28.27 ± 8.53	30.63 ± 10.85	1.489	0.139
Cumulative incision length (cm)	5.58 ± 0.80	8.96 ± 1.20	20.520	< 0.001

Table 3 Postoperative recovery comparison, mean ± SD

Postoperative recovery indexes	Two-port group (n = 80)	Four-port group (n = 70)	t value	P value
Time to first flatus (hours)	46.64 ± 7.98	65.54 ± 10.67	12.376	< 0.001
Ambulation initiation (hours)	29.52 ± 7.97	35.11 ± 10.05	3.795	< 0.001
Hospital stays duration (days)	8.46 ± 1.76	10.66 ± 2.39	6.470	< 0.001

Table 4 Complications across study groups, n (%)

Complications	Two-port group (n = 80)	Four-port group (n = 70)	χ2	P value
Ileus	0 (0.00)	1 (1.43)
Anastomotic fistula	2 (2.50)	2 (2.86)
Surgical site infection	1 (1.25)	3 (4.29)
Postoperative bleeding	0 (0.00)	2 (2.86)
Uroschesis	2 (2.50)	5 (7.14)
Intraperitoneal abscess	3 (3.75)	4 (5.71)
Total	8 (10.00)	17 (24.29)	5.486	0.019