©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2026; 18(2): 112776
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.112776
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.112776
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants, mean ± SD/n (%)
| Parameters | Gastrectomy (n = 98) | ESD (n = 108) | t/χ2 | P value |
| Age (years) | 47.30 ± 1.22 | 47.12 ± 1.40 | 0.478 | 0.633 |
| Gender (male/female) | 58 (59.18) | 62 (57.41) | 0.067 | 0.796 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.42 ± 3.25 | 25.77 ± 3.36 | 0.765 | 0.445 |
| Smoking history | 59 (60.2) | 65 (60.19) | 0 | 0.998 |
| Drinking history | 56 (57.14) | 62 (57.41) | 0.001 | 0.969 |
| Employment | 77 (78.57) | 89 (82.41) | 0.483 | 0.487 |
| Disease duration (weeks) | 3.00 ± 0.19 | 3.03 ± 0.17 | 1.007 | 0.315 |
| Hypertension | 17 (17.35) | 20 (18.52) | 0.048 | 0.827 |
| Diabetes | 26 (26.53) | 31 (28.7) | 0.121 | 0.728 |
| Location of lesion | 0.647 | 0.723 | ||
| Esophageal lesions | 32 (32.65) | 37 (34.26) | ||
| Gastric lesions | 31 (31.63) | 38 (35.19) | ||
| Colonic lesions | 35 (35.71) | 33 (30.56) | ||
| Previous endoscopic procedures | 3.325 | 0.19 | ||
| None | 50 (51.02) | 58 (53.7) | ||
| 1 or 2 | 33 (33.67) | 42 (38.89) | ||
| ≥ 3 | 15 (15.31) | 8 (7.41) |
Table 2 Comparison of total effective rates of treatment between two groups of patients, n (%)
| Parameters | Gastrectomy (n = 98) | ESD (n = 108) | χ2 | P value |
| Significant effect | 54 (55.10) | 63 (58.33) | ||
| Effective | 37 (37.76) | 43 (39.81) | ||
| Invalid | 7 (14) | 2 (1.85) | ||
| Total effective | 91 (92.86) | 106 (98.15) | 2.293 | > 0.05 |
Table 3 Comparison of postoperative complication rates between two groups of patients, n (%)
| Parameters | Gastrectomy (n = 98) | ESD (n = 108) | χ2 | P value |
| Gastrointestinal bloating | 5 (5.1) | 3 (2.78) | ||
| Infected | 3 (3.06) | 1 (0.93) | ||
| Gastrointestinal perforation | 5 (5.1) | 2 (1.85) | ||
| Total | 13 (13.27) | 6 (5.56) | 3.648 | > 0.05 |
Table 4 Comparison of serum tumor marker levels between two groups of patients (preoperative), mean ± SD
| Parameters | Gastrectomy (n = 98) | ESD (n = 108) | t | P value |
| CEA (μg/L) | 22.33 ± 3.56 | 23.01 ± 3.98 | 1.284 | 0.201 |
| CA199 (kU/L) | 42.98 ± 5.55 | 42.49 ± 5.93 | 0.621 | 0.536 |
| TK1 (pmol/L) | 4.20 ± 1.61 | 3.69 ± 1.21 | 2.554 | 0.011 |
Table 5 Comparison of serum tumor marker levels between two groups of patients (1 month after surgery), mean ± SD
| Parameters | Gastrectomy (n = 98) | ESD (n = 108) | t | P value |
| CEA (μg/L) | 9.77 ± 1.63 | 9.54 ± 1.69 | 0.999 | 0.319 |
| CA199 (kU/L) | 22.01 ± 3.21 | 23.32 ± 3.66 | 2.716 | 0.007 |
| TK1 (pmol/L) | 1.02 ± 0.25 | 0.99 ± 0.15 | 1.065 | 0.288 |
Table 6 Comparison of gastrointestinal hormones and intestinal mucosal barrier indicators before and after surgery between two groups (preoperative), mean ± SD
| Parameters | Gastrectomy (n = 98) | ESD (n = 108) | t | P value |
| VIP (ng/L) | 139.36 ± 16.13 | 138.84 ± 15.33 | 0.235 | 0.815 |
| GAS (ng/L) | 16.78 ± 2.53 | 16.97 ± 2.58 | 0.533 | 0.595 |
| MTL (ng/L) | 296.33 ± 32.01 | 298.35 ± 30.84 | 0.461 | 0.645 |
| DAO (U/mL) | 1.33 ± 0.19 | 1.36 ± 0.21 | 1.055 | 0.293 |
| ET (EU/mL) | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 1.053 | 0.294 |
| NO (μmol/L) | 62.33 ± 7.68 | 63.02 ± 7.39 | 0.654 | 0.514 |
| D-Lac (μg/mL) | 9.11 ± 1.32 | 8.65 ± 1.17 | 2.623 | 0.009 |
Table 7 Comparison of gastrointestinal hormones and intestinal mucosal barrier indicators between two groups before and after surgery (3 days after surgery), mean ± SD
| Parameters | Gastrectomy (n = 98) | ESD (n = 108) | t | P value |
| VIP (ng/L) | 95.66 ± 9.11 | 96.33 ± 13.25 | 0.423 | 0.673 |
| GAS (ng/L) | 13.66 ± 1.99 | 13.88 ± 2.01 | 0.773 | 0.44 |
| MTL (ng/L) | 235.96 ± 26.17 | 236.33 ± 28.71 | 0.098 | 0.922 |
| DAO (U/mL) | 2.05 ± 0.33 | 1.92 ± 0.26 | 3.249 | 0.001 |
| ET (EU/mL) | 0.33 ± 0.05 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 2.187 | 0.030 |
| NO (μmol/L) | 79.26 ± 9.33 | 79.55 ± 8.21 | 0.235 | 0.814 |
| D-Lac (μg/mL) | 12.56 ± 1.77 | 12.03 ± 1.36 | 2.37 | 0.019 |
Table 8 Comparison of gastrointestinal hormones and intestinal mucosal barrier indicators between two groups before and after surgery (7 days after surgery), mean ± SD
| Parameters | Gastrectomy (n = 98) | ESD (n = 108) | t | P value |
| VIP (ng/L) | 103.55 ± 10.36 | 103.53 ± 12.96 | 0.014 | 0.989 |
| GAS (ng/L) | 16.23 ± 2.25 | 16.11 ± 2.63 | 0.325 | 0.746 |
| MTL (ng/L) | 258.93 ± 28.77 | 257.00 ± 25.93 | 0.616 | 0.539 |
| DAO (U/mL) | 1.69 ± 0.22 | 1.68 ± 0.12 | 0.317 | 0.752 |
| ET (EU/mL) | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.866 | 0.388 |
| NO (μmol/L) | 75.69 ± 8.35 | 76.89 ± 8.33 | 1.031 | 0.304 |
| D-Lac (μg/mL) | 11.63 ± 1.36 | 11.18 ± 1.31 | 2.445 | 0.015 |
- Citation: Ling Y, Wang J, Xi CH, Liu J. Efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection in the treatment of early gastrointestinal lesions. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(2): 112776
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i2/112776.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.112776