Minimally invasive management of acute perforated cholecystitis: The role of percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy

Table 1 Patient demographics and comorbidities

Variable	Non-operated (n = 15)	Operated (n = 15)	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	87.1 ± 6.2	76.1 ± 7.4	< 0.001
Male sex (%)	60.00%	73.30%	0.493
Diabetes mellitus (%)	30.80%	73.30%	0.024
Ischemic heart disease (%)	38.50%	50.00%	0.547
Chronic kidney disease (%)	35.70%	26.70%	0.599
Interstitial COPD (%)	30.80%	6.70%	0.097

COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Table 2 Clinical status at admission, mean ± SD

Variable	Non-operated (n = 15)	Operated (n = 15)	P value
VAS score (0-10)	1.8 ± 2.3	3.9 ± 2.8	0.031
Body temperature (°C)	38.0 ± 1.2	37.2 ± 1.0	0.051
Pulse (bpm)	99.7 ± 26.7	87.0 ± 23.4	0.384
WBC (K/μL)	15.7 ± 8.0	15.1 ± 4.7	0.811
CRP (mg/dL)	24.8 ± 17.7	15.3 ± 10.1	0.265
Hemodynamic stability (%)	66.70%	93.30%	0.068
ASA II (%)	33.30%	14.30%	0.49
ASA III (%)	66.70%	85.70%	0.62
Anticoagulant use (%)	57.10%	66.70%	0.597

VAS: Visual analog scale; WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 3 Imaging, diagnosis and infection markers

Variable	Non-operated	Operated	P value
US performed (%)	71.40%	93.30%	0.119
CT performed (%)	76.90%	85.70%	0.557
Both US and CT performed (%)	53.80%	80.00%	0.139
Bile culture obtained (%)	92.90%	100.00%	0.292
Cholelithiasis diagnosed (%)	86.70%	93.30%	1
Sepsis present (%)	64.30%	40.00%	0.191

US: Ultrasound; CT: Computed tomography.

Table 4 Laboratory trends and hospitalization

Variable		Non-operated	P value	Operated	P value
WBC (K/μL)	Admission	14.6 ± 6.8	0.004	15.1 ± 4.7	< 0.001
	Discharge	8.9 ± 2.99		9.2 ± 2.9
CRP (mg/dL)	Admission	26.9 ± 14.1	< 0.001	18.8 ± 6.8	0.005
	Discharge	6.2 ± 7.9		3.78 ± 3.4

WBC: White blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein.