Helicobacter pylori positively associated with colorectal cancer and advanced, but not low-risk, adenomas: A retrospective study in China

Figure 1  Flowchart of cases selection.

Figure 2 Helicobacter pylori infection levels. A: Negative: No Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) observed on special stained sections; B: +: Rare H. pylori or a few H. pylori observed in less than 1/3 of the entire specimen length; C: ++: H. pylori distribution equal to or exceeding 1/3 but less than 2/3 of the entire specimen length, or present in a continuous thin and sparse layer on the epithelial surface; D: +++: H. pylori present in clusters, essentially distributed along the entire specimen length.

Figure 3 Advanced adenomas. A: Multivariable logistic regression for advanced adenomas. Unadjusted model: All variables were included, and then P values were calculated separately. Adjusted model: Adjusted for age and sex. Sex and age were included in the model as covariates, with both being categorical variables. Female as reference for sex; age < 40 years as reference for age; Helicobacter pylori negative as reference exposure; B: Receiver operating characteristic curve for adjusted model of advanced adenomas. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; CI: Confidence interval; AUC: Area under the curve.

Figure 4 Colorectal cancer. A: Multivariable logistic regression for colorectal cancer. Unadjusted model: All variables were included, and then P values were calculated separately. Adjusted model: Adjusted for age and sex. Sex and age were included in the model as covariates, with both being categorical variables. Female as reference for sex; age < 40 years as reference for age; Helicobacter pylori negative as reference exposure; B: Receiver operating characteristic curve for adjusted model of colorectal cancer. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; CI: Confidence interval; AUC: Area under the curve.